Anxiety

Question 1

Anxiety disorders classed in DSM IV

Answer 1

Phobias, panic disorder, GAD, OCD, PTSD

Question 2

What does Yerkes-Dodson law suggest about anxiety levels?

Answer 2

Too much arousal is overwhelming and is a disorder.

Question 3

How many people have phobic responses?

Answer 3

6 in 100

Question 4

How more likely are women than men to develop phobic responses?

Answer 4

Twice as likely

Question 5

How many people have a phobia at a clinical level?

Answer 5

2 in 100

Question 6

What is evolutionary preparedness?

Answer 6

Have evolutionary reasons behind anxiety (e.g. fight or flight)

Question 7

What is the fight or flight response?

Answer 7

Evolutionary mechanism which involves primitive brain areas and decision making to help the body prepare to fight or run

Question 8

What happens during fight or flight?

Answer 8

Limbic and frontal areas of the brain transmit adrenaline surge, heart races, muscles tense and non0adrenaline is released after a short period and you feel drained

Question 9

What is autonomic lability

Answer 9

A predisposition for arousal

Question 10

What did LeDoux say about fear reaction before consciousness?

Answer 10

The brain is wired to associate fear with senses witht mediation of the cerebral cortex. They can experience fear before being consciously aware.

Question 11

Which areas of the brain are involved in understanding a threat?

Answer 11

Right frontal, limbic and amygdala

Question 12

Classical conditioning

Answer 12

Neutral stimulus matched with intrinsically fearful stimulus

Question 13

What is an avoidance loop?

Answer 13

Patietns avoid situations where they will see their phobic stimulus and so cannot unlearn the association.

Question 14

How does vicarious conditioning work with phobias?

Answer 14

Trans-generational/peer generated. Role modelled, reinforced, media

Question 15

What are the treatments of simple phobia?

Answer 15

Systematic desensitisation and flooding

Question 16

What is the psychodynamic explanation of the complex phobia?

Answer 16

Phobia is a defence mechanism against a repressed childhood conflict.

Question 17

What is a complex phobia?

Answer 17

Develop during adulthood and associated with a deep rooted fear

Question 18

What is psychodynamic treatment for phobia?

Answer 18

Explore issues of sexuality and discussion of such issues in family

Question 19

What is the CB treatment for phobia?

Answer 19

CBT and family therapy

Question 20

What is GAD?

Answer 20

Generalised anxiety disorder- triggered by stressful events, fears over not being able to cope

Question 21

What is OCD?

Answer 21

Obsessive compulsive disorder- compulsive behaviours

Question 22

What is panic disorder?

Answer 22

Common co-morbidity with other illnesses. Common panic attacks and dears them greatly

Question 23

What is presumed aetiology?

Answer 23

known origin

Question 24

What can PTSD stem from?

Answer 24

Experiences of threat, one off event, continuous trauma

Question 25

Symptoms of coexisting bimodal reactions?

Answer 25

Fight or flight: flashbacks, nightmares

Freeze: avoidance numb

Question 26

How many survivors of the Zeebrugge ferry disaster had PTSD?

Answer 26

90%

Question 27

What percentage of civilians in war zones had PTSD?

Answer 27

30%

Question 28

What is th lifetime prevalence for PTSD?

Answer 28

Men- 5%

Women- 10.4%

Question 29

What do PTSD patients produce higher levels of?

Answer 29

Natural opiates which mask pain but lead to blunted emotions

Question 30

People who suffer with anxiety for a few days have what disorder?

Answer 30

Acute stress disorder

Question 31

How many people have a TBI in the UK?

Answer 31

15 in 100000 people have traumatic brain injury a year