Depression

Question 1

What is Unipolar

Answer 1

Low mood only

Question 2

What is Anhedonia

Answer 2

Inability to feel pleasure

Question 3

Insomnia

Answer 3

Lack of sleep

Question 4

Hypersomnia

Answer 4

More than usual sleep

Question 5

Suicidal Ideation

Answer 5

Suicidal thoughts

Question 6

One of these symptoms are needed to be classed with a major depressive episode

Answer 6

Low mood or anhedonia

Question 7

Five of these symptoms are needed to be classed with a major depressive episode

Answer 7

Change in weight
Psychomotor agitation
Fatigue
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Feeling worthless
Difficulty concentrating
Suicidal ideation

SPIFF CD

Question 8

How often must depressive symptoms be present?

Answer 8

Nearly every day for at least two weeks

Question 9

How long does the depressive state count as bereavement?

Answer 9

2 months

Question 10

Dysthymia requires a depressed mood how often?

Answer 10

50% of the time

Question 11

What is double depression?

Answer 11

Dysthymia and major depressive episode

Question 12

What is point prevalence?

Answer 12

Percentage of people who have depression at any one time (normally in the last year)

Question 13

What is the point prevalence of depression in the USA?

Answer 13

7.3% (Weinberger et al, 2018)

Question 14

What is lifetime prevalence?

Answer 14

Percentage of people who will experience depression in their lifetimes

Question 15

What is the lifetime prevalence of depression?

Answer 15

Varies from 10-20% (Kessler et al, 2003)

Question 16

What is the number one cause of disability in the world?

Answer 16

Depression (Murray & Lopez, 1996)

Question 17

Who said depression has a negative impact on parent-child and romantic relationships?

Answer 17

Downey & Coyne 1990

Question 18

What is the percentage rate of suicides in depressed people?

Answer 18

2-9% in depressed people
1% general population
Bostwick & Pankratz, 2000)

Question 19

Those with depression have a greater risk of what?

Answer 19

Heart disease (Lett et al, 2004)
Diabetes (Brown & Newman, 2005)
Stroke (Liebetrau, 2008)

Question 20

Which sex is at a higher risk for depression?

Answer 20

Women

Question 21

Which sex is at a higher risk for suicide?

Answer 21

Men

Question 22

What does acutely depressed mean?

Answer 22

The patient is currently depressed

Question 23

What percentage of depressive episodes recover not their own within 6-9 months?

Answer 23

70%

Question 24

What is the average number of lifetime episodes

Answer 24

4-6 (Angst et al, 1973; Judd, 2997)

Question 25

Pattern of recurrence | Belcher & Costello, 1998 (Keller, 1998)

Answer 25

``` 20% recurrence at 2 months 30% recurrence at 6 months 40% recurrence at 1 year 50% recurrence at 2 years 76% recurrence by 5 years ``` Risk is greater the more episodes of depression: More than 3 episodes 40% relapse within 3 months, 70% within 6 months

Question 26

Illnesses associated with depression

Answer 26

Nervous system diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease) (Cummings et al, 1999) Vascular diseases (e.g., heart disease) (Jiang et al, 2002) Endocrine diseases (e.g., hypothyroidism) (Gold et al, 1981)

Question 27

Which medications are used for depression?

Answer 27

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 28

Which forces did Beck say shape negative thinking patterns?

Answer 28

Family life, adolescence, peers, losses and stresses

Question 29

What is the negative triad?

Answer 29

Negative thoughts about the self, world and future

Question 30

What is negative propaganda?

Answer 30

Voice of criticism

Question 31

Treatments involved in CBT (6 of them)

Answer 31

``` Behaviour experiments Tracking NATs Challenging NATs, and by checking them… Challenging core beliefs By reviewing evidence In the therapeutic alliance ```

Question 32

Approx how many patients on antidepressants are treated to remission

Answer 32

2/3 (Thase et al)

Question 33

What is the risk of depression is there is a family history of it?

Answer 33

50-80%

Question 34

What % increased likelihood of survival is there for patients with strong social relationships?

Answer 34

50%