TBI Flashcards
diffuse axonal injury most affects which two parts of the brain?
- sub-cortical white matter
- corpus callosum
injury sequence of axon
- stretch
- increased permeability
- calcium influx
- damage to cytoskeleton
- decreased transport
- detachment and death
three parameters in measuring severity of TBI
- length of amnesia
- glascow coma scale
- length of loss of consciousness
glascow coma scale ratings and severity of TBI
lower is worse
3-8 severe
9-12 moderate
13-15 mild
time of unconsciousness and severity of TBI
less than 30 minutes - mild
30 minutes to 24 hours - moderate
greater than 24 hours - severe
amnesia and severity of TBI
day or less - mild
day to week - moderate
greater than week - severe
most common risk factor for TBI
alcohol
percentage of those with TBI who will develop a neuropsychiatric disorder
50%
3 major categories of psychiatric TBI sequelae
- dysexecutive syndromes
- cognitive deficit
- psychiatric disorder
three circuits affecting complex behavior
- dorsolateral prefrontal - executive function
- lateral orbitofrontal - social intelligence
- anterior cingulate - motivation
symptoms of damage to lateral orbitofrontal circuit (social comportment)
Impulsivity
Irritability
Affective Instability
Awareness deficits
disorders of motivation (anterior cingulate and medial frontal circuit)
apathy
loss of initiative
loss of drive
cognitive deficits after TBI
Executive Function Attention Memory Speed of Information Processing Speech and language
in order for a neurocognitive disorder to be attributed to a TBI it must….
- occur immediately after injury or after regaining consciousness
- must persist past acute post-injury period
medications used for cognition impairment after TBI
methylphenidate, amantadine, galantamine, donepezil, modafinil
