childhood psychiatric disorders Flashcards
depression rates in children vs adolescents
- even between girls and boys in childhood
- females twice as likely in adolescence
what were the conclusions of the TADS study?
order of benefit: fluoxetine + CBT fluoxetine alone CBT alone placebo
suicidal ideation improved in all groups
conclusions of FDA/Columbia analysis
- adolescent signal for suicide goes up with certain drugs from 2% to 4% but there were no suicides in study
- use antidepressants cautiously with adolescents
childhood anxiety risk factors
- temperament
- genetics
- attachment
- parental mental disorders and parenting style
- trauma/stress
what percent of children attribute their anxiety to a negative life event?
54%
what percent of those under 18 meet criteria for anxiety?
10-20%
what percentage of children with anxiety have a comorbid disorder?
50-70%
what percent of children with depression have cormorbid anxiety?
40-70%
what is more important than content in regard to abnormal childhood fear?
degree and frequency
what are the three types of childhood ADHD?
- inattentive
- hyperactive/impulsive
- combined
ADHD male:female ratio
4:1 male
dysregulation seen in ADHD
NE and DA in fronto-striatal systems
negative life effects of ADHD
education - lower grades, in more trouble sexual - teen pregnancy and sex partners driving - traffic citations substance abuse comorbidities - anxiety
explain the four “contingencies” of managing behavior
1) add a positive stimulus - positive reinforcement
2) add a negative stimulus - punishment
3) remove a positive stimulus - extinction
4) remove a negative stimulus - negative reinforcement
most common treatment for childhood ADHD
- stimulants
methylphenidate or dextro-amphetamine
