Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SBM psychiatry > psychosis I and II > Flashcards

psychosis I and II Flashcards

1
Q

where is the dysregulation in schizophrenia?

A

mesocorticolimbic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 5 symptom clusters in SCZ?

A

1) positive
2) negative
3) cognitive
4) organizational
5) mood

severity of individual clusters is largely independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

two types of perceptual distortions

A
  • hallucinations

- illusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of hallucinations

A
  • visual
  • gustatory
  • olfactory
  • tactile
  • auditory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an illusion?

A

something mistaken for something else, like a curtain as a ghost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

two types of delusional symptoms

A
  • delusions

- ideas of reference (stimuli refer to me)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

types of delusions

A

Erotomanic: celebrity is my lover
Grandiose: I am messiah, prince
Jealous: partner having others in all night
Persecutory: men following me, plan to kill
Somatic: feet mechanical, device implanted
Nihilistic: world coming to an end
Bizarre: electronic circuit in brain controlled by president to manipulate political events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

diagnostic criteria for SCZ

A
  • 2 of 5 active symptoms for one month and one must be from 1-3:
    1. Delusions
    1. Hallucinations
    2. Disorganized speech
    3. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
    4. Negative sxs
  • significant dysfunction at home or work
  • longer than 6 months since onset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the exclusion criteria for schizoaffective and mood disorders?

A

brief or no mood episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

examples of negative symptoms of SCZ

A

Social indifference
Lack of motivation
Emotional constriction
Self-neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cognitive symptoms of SCZ

A 
Impaired memory, concentration
Difficulty filtering
Motor planning
Executive function
Sorting tasks
Problem solving
Impaired insight
Disorientation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is schizophreniform disorder? what are the criteria?

A
  • criteria A, D, E of SCZ are met
    A) two are more symptoms out of five
    D) no schizoaffective or mood disorder
    E) no substance abuse disorder

big difference from SCZ is that there is no evidence of significant social dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diagnostic criteria for brief psychotic disorder

A

1) one of the following:
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
2) 1 day to 1 month duration
3) not better explained by other disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

schizoaffective disorder criteria

A

1) MDD, manic, or mixed episodes
2) criterion A of SCZ met
3) delusions or hallucinations for 2+ weeks without mood symptoms
4) mood symptoms are present the majority of the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

delusional disorder criteria

A

1) delusions lasting at least a month
2) SCZ A not met
3) no mood disorder or substance abuse disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

schizotypal disorder

A 
1) 5/9:
Ideas of reference
Odd beliefs that influence behavior
Unusual perceptual experience
Odd thinking and speech
Suspiciousness or paranoia
Inappropriate or constricted affect
Behavior or appearance odd or peculiar
Lack of close friends
Excessive social anxiety
2) not entirely during psychosis/autism
17
Q

attenuated psychosis syndrome

A

1) one of 1-3 in SCZ A met
2) at least once a week for a month
3) criteria for psychotic disorder never met

18
Q

percent population with SCZ

A

about 1%

19
Q

onset of schizophrenia

A

teens to 20s, rare after 45

20
Q

gender differences in SCZ

A

women have:

1) later onset
2) better response to treatment
3) estrogen has neuroprotective effects

21
Q

course of SCZ

A
  • prodrome - could be many years
  • first epidose - highly treatable
  • active phase - 3-4 decades
  • residual phase - third remit, third attenuate
22
Q

suicide rates in SCZ

A
  • 20-40% attempt
  • 10% succeed
  • typically in first decade
23
Q

violence in SCZ most associated with

A
  • command hallucinations

- persecutory delusions

24
Q

what med reduces violence and suicide risk the best in SCZ?

A

clozapine

25
Q

amount of decreased life expectancy in SCZ

A

10-30 years

26
Q

percent of SCZ with substance disorder

A
  • lifetime 50%

- current diagnosis 25%

27
Q

complications of substance abuse in SCZ

A 
Earlier onset of Schizophrenia
Higher relapse, hospitalization rates
Treatment non-compliance
Poorer medication response
Increased risk for violence
Increased risk for HIV, hepatitis
Greater brain volume loss over 5 yrs
28
Q

smoking in SCZ

A

70-90%

29
Q

anatomical signs of SCZ

A
  • enlarged ventricles

- reduced dendritic spines

30
Q

functional brain abnormalities in SCZ

A
  • Diffuse cerebral dysfunction, particularly prefrontal + medial temporal
  • fMRI deficits in PFC and hippocampus during specific tasks
31
Q

neurochemical brain abnormalities in SCZ

A
  • DA hyperactivity in mesolimbic tract
  • DA hypoactivity in mesocortical
  • Glutamate NMDA
  • Serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine, ACh
32
Q

dopamine hypothesis of SCZ

A

leading hypothesis
dopamine deficiency in mesocorticolimbic pathways
- mesolimbic pathway from VTA to ventral striatum, limbic system, olfactory tubercle
- mesocortical pathway from VTA to frontal cortex

33
Q

explain neurodegeneration in SCZ

A
  • related to NMDA/glutamate which serve to regulate neuronal apoptosis
  • dysregulation can lead to increased apoptosis
  • NMDA antagonists can replicate schizophrenic symptoms
34
Q

five types of treatment for SCZ

A
  • Antipsychotic medications
  • Psychotherapy
    CBT, metacognitive
  • Clinical case management
    Assertive Community Tx
  • Psychosocial rehabilitation
    Cognitive remediation, supported employment
  • Peer support
35
Q

antipsychotic meds

A
  • first generation (FGA): D2 antagonists
    chlorpromazine, haloperidol
  • second generation (SGA): D2 and 5-HT antagonists
    clozapine, aripiprazole

SBM psychiatry (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions