OCD/PTSD

Question 1

common features across obsessive compulsive related disorders

Answer 1

• frontal-striatal irregularities

- greater than chance familial morbidity

Question 2

5 major OCRDs

Answer 2

Obsessive-compulsive disorder*
Body dysmorphic disorder*
Hoarding disorder*
Trichotillomania (Hair-pulling disorder)*
Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder*

Question 3

obsessions vs compulsions

Answer 3

obsession: invasive and/or nonsensical thoughts or impulses
compulsion: thought or action to neutralize obsession, to reduce anxiety or distress or to prevent feared outcome

Question 4

gender differences for OCD

Answer 4

• males higher in childhood

- females higher in adulthood

Question 5

OCD onset

Answer 5

• generally young adulthood

- 25% in adolescence

Question 6

brain changes in OCD

Answer 6

fMRI and other functional methodologies suggest disruptions in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit
- Ineffective “screening” of irrelevant stimuli, ineffective suppression of a ‘go’ signal

Question 7

OCD treatment options

Answer 7

• CBT
• medications
• surgical intervention (extreme cases)
• TMS

Question 8

OCD medications

Answer 8

clomipramine and other SSRIs

Question 9

body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 9

• intrusive thoughts related to perceived physical flaw

- can include self surgery and skin picking

Question 10

treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 10

psychotherapy only

Question 11

trichotillomania definition

Answer 11

Characterized by irresistible urge to pull or pluck hair

• Followed by subjective sense of relief or pleasure
• Pulling is commonly from scalp, but may include eyebrows, eyelids, and forearms

Question 12

gender difference in trichotillomania

Answer 12

10:1 female

Question 13

5 common trauma and stressor related disorders

Answer 13

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Acute Stress Disorder
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Adjustment Disorders

Question 14

PTSD diagnosis and symptom clusters

Answer 14

1) Witness or experience a traumatic or life-threatening event
- Fear, helplessness, horror
2) symptoms from each cluster
Intrusions
Avoidance
Alterations in cognition/mood
Hyperarousal
3) more than one month
4) impairment/distress

Question 15

what counts as trauma?

Answer 15

exposed to the following event(s): death or threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence, in one or more of the following ways:

• experience
• witness
• hearing about friend or close relative (violent or accidental)
• repeated exposure to aversive details

Question 16

symptoms of intrusion in PTSD

Answer 16

• memories
• dreams
• flashbacks
• psychological and physiological reactions to traumatic reminders

Question 17

symptoms of avoidance in PTSD

Answer 17

• efforts to avoid distressing thoughts

- efforts to avoid reminders

Question 18

symptoms of alternation in cognition or mood in PTSD

Answer 18

• can’t remember part of traumatic event
• i am bad, no one can be trusted
• blame
• negative emotional state
• lack of interest in things

Question 19

symptoms of hyperarousal in PTSD

Answer 19

• irritability
• reckless behavior
• hypervigilance
• exaggerated startle response
• concentration
• sleep issues

Question 20

domains of impairment in PTSD

Answer 20

• employment
• family
• risk of suicide

Question 21

five major PTSD presentations

Answer 21

Anxiety and fear predominant
Disgust predominant
Guilt/shame predominant
Anger and aggression predominant
Sadness and dysphoria

Question 22

PTSD learning theory of treatment

Answer 22

repeat exposure to harmless conditioned stimuli leads to extinction of anxiety

Question 23

types of PTSD therapy

Answer 23

• prolonged exposure
• emotional processing
• cognitive processing