TB99 River Rescue First Responder

Question 1

On an annual basis in the United States, approximately ___ people die in water related emergencies.

Answer 1

6000- 9000

Question 2

The most alarming part of this statistic is the fact that up to ___ of these drownings are “would-be” rescuers.

Answer 2

one-third

Question 3

Within Los Angeles County, on an annual basis there are an average of___ incidents which are handled by some form of first responder personnel.

Answer 3

60 swiftwater rescue

Question 4

We must remember that self-rescue is the ____. Rescue of our teammates is ____, and the rescue of the victim is the final outcome.

Answer 4

priority / second

Question 5

Self sacrifice benefits ___ the rescuer nor victim if both are lost as a result.

Answer 5

neither

Question 6

COMMUNICATION, FLOATATION: ___Options, all levels

Answer 6

Primary

Question 7

REACH, THROW: ___ Options

Answer 7

First Responder

Question 8

ROW GO, TOW:

___Options HELO
Specially Trained Personnel

Answer 8

Swift water Team

Question 9

Communication:

They should first be directed to assume a defensive swimming position, ___ with feet facing downstream

Answer 9

floating on their back

Question 10

Communication:
The victim shall then utilize a ferry angle (angling their body ___ against the current with the head pointing toward the “target” river bank).

Answer 10

45 degrees

Question 11

Due to the fact that most victims do not have any floatation devices and are usually weakened by hypothermia and fatigue, early delivery of ___ devices shall be considered.

Answer 11

floatation

Question 12

Floatation :
This serves to increase the victim’s survivability, aid in downstream rescue chances, and provide a more visible “___” for rescuers.

Answer 12

marker

Question 13

An option which has proven itself to be extremely versatile in the river rescue setting is the____.

Answer 13

tension diagonal line

Question 14

The tension diagonal is generally a rope which is tensioned across a channel at a downstream angle of no more than ___ to the current flow or vector

Answer 14

45 degrees

Question 15

Tension Diagonal
The ideal height of the line is ___ the water. The approaching victim should be instructed to remain on their back (defensive position) and place their arms over the line utilizing ferry angling if possible.

Answer 15

just off

Question 16

The deployment of the rescue net relies on the positioning of a tensioned diagonal line from which the net is suspended. It is equally important that the line angle to the current flow is no more than___.

Answer 16

45 degrees

Question 17

Rescue Net/Curtain

From the ready position, the net is dropped into the water on mutual command when the victim is still ____ upstream.

Answer 17

5-10 seconds

Question 18

Inflated Fire Hose
The ideal inflation pressure is ___, which gives enough stability to prevent line kinking yet may be reached rapidly and safely.

Answer 18

50-60 psi

Question 19

The use of in-line 2-1/2 inch shut-off butts is not recommended due to ___ which compromises function.

Answer 19

air leakage

Question 20

Once the hose is filled it may be placed into the ready position, suspended from the downstream side of a bridge/overpass approximately ____ above the water.

Answer 20

one foot

Question 21

The end of the hose shall be anchored off to the shore or bridge which will form a ___ once the hose is placed into the water.

Answer 21

pendulum point

Question 22

The use of ____ has been proven to be one of the most versatile rescue techniques as is evidenced by the highest number of rescues per year.

Answer 22

throwbags

Question 23

Successful throwing - an ___ throw which will spool the line out across the victim’s chest has proven to be most effective.

Answer 23

underhand

Question 24

Successful throwing
Rather than aiming the throwbag ___ at the victim, this affords the victim an increased chance to grab the rope if it falls either upstream or downstream of him.

Answer 24

directly

Question 25

An alternate method of “throw” rescue involves the use of rescue___. Rings may be used with throw bag lines tied to the end of the line providing extra weight to assist in the “throw” reaching the victim, or may function as floatation for the victim.

Answer 25

ring buoys

Question 26

It should be emphasized that any time immediate rescue is not taking place, floatation should be given to the victim. The most reliable method for this is the ___ to drop the ring buoy directly to the victim.

Answer 26

observer on a bridge

Question 27

Member safety is the most important factor in any rescue operation. This is especially true when there is a risk of rescuers ___ into moving water.

Answer 27

falling

Question 28

Due to this hazard, specialized protective gear is mandatory for rescuers in two cases:
l. In any position where an inadvertent action may cause a member to ___ into the water

Answer 28

fall

Question 29

Due to this hazard, specialized protective gear is mandatory for rescuers in two cases:
2. In all cases where a member is WITHIN ____ OF THE WATER.

Answer 29

10 FEET

Question 30

Floatation: Personal Floatation Devices, (P.F.D.’s) with a minimum rating of ___

Answer 30

Class III/V

Question 31

First Responders are limited to ___ based rescue options.

Answer 31

land

Question 32

In the event of accidentally falling into the water, body positioning is the primary means of assisting in self-rescue. A Defensive Body Position allows a body to ___ objects with the feet while maintaining optimum visibility.

Answer 32

deflect

Question 33

Eddy: An ____ that forms behind a surface object in the river, or behind a bank or curve in the river.

Answer 33

upstream current

Question 34

Eddy Fence: The line between the upstream and ___ in an eddy.

Answer 34

downstream currents

Question 35

Hydraulic: A ___ that tends to hold or trap a buoyant object.

Answer 35

reverse current

Question 36

Downstream “V”: A “V” of water that is caused by the convergence of a downstream water flow. Considered a ____ path of downstream travel (note reactionary waves).

Answer 36

safe

Question 37

Upstream “V”: A “V” pointing upstream caused by the downstream flow of water around an object. Considered to be a __ downstream path.

Answer 37

dangerous

Question 38

River Right: The right side of the river (_____).

Answer 38

looking downstream

Question 39

River Left: The left side of the river (_____).

Answer 39

looking downstream

Question 40

Thermal Protection: ___ Layering. ABSOLUTELY NO TURNOUT CLOTHING OR EMS SAFETY JACKETS

Answer 40

Lightweight

Question 41

Laminar Flow: The layered flows of water which are slower on the bottom and sides, and___ toward the surface.

Answer 41

faster

Question 42

Helical Flow: A _____ flow of water near the banks which forces water midstream.

Answer 42

circular, rolling