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Pulmonology > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

1
Q

most common organism causing TB

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

where does TB occur in the lungs?

A

alveoli

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3
Q

which patients are at risk of TB?

A

immunosuppression

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4
Q

what living conditions can increase the risk for TB?

A

crowded living facilities

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5
Q

symptoms that point to activated TB (4)

A

night sweats
blood streaked sputum
weight loss leading to cachexia
post-tussive apical crackles

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6
Q

what is the classic finding in a chest xray or chest CT of a patient with TB?

A

apical cavitary lesions

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7
Q

what are 2 diagnostics for latent TB?

A

tuberculin skin test
QuantiFERON gold

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8
Q

which diagnostic is preferred in patients with prior TB vaccine?

A

quantiFERON gold

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9
Q

what induration size would indicate a positive TST in immunosuppressed patients, positive contact, or previous positive TB?

A

> 5 mm

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10
Q

what induration size would indicate a positive TST in immunosuppressed patients, residential facilities, hospital employees, recent immigrants, and children younger than 4 years

A

> 10 mm

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11
Q

what induration size would indicate a positive TST in patients without any known risk factors for TB?

A

> 15 mm

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12
Q

what are 3 diagnostics for suspected active TB?

A

sputum staining AFB
NAAT
bacterial culture

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13
Q

which diagnostic will always provide a definitive diagnosis for active TB?

A

bacterial culture

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14
Q

what is the preferred treatment for latent TB?

A

rifampin daily x 4 months

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15
Q

what is the best option for treatment of latent TB if we want to ensure compliance by the patient?

A

isoniazid and rifapentine weekly x 3 months

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16
Q

what are pretreatment labs to be taken for TB? (3)

A

CBC
CMP
LFT

17
Q

what is the intensive phase treatment for active TB?

A

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol x 2 months

18
Q

what is the continuation phase treatment for active TB?

A

isoniazid and rifampin x 4-7 months

19
Q

what should be tested before starting ethambutol?

A

visual acuity

20
Q

what lab should be run before starting pyrazinamide?

A

serum uric acid

21
Q

what should be added to isoniazid to avoid peripheral neuropathy?

A

vitamin B6

22
Q

how long should patients with TB quarantine?

A

3-4 weeks

23
Q

what is the main cause of treatment failure in patients with TB?

A

nonadherence to therapy

Pulmonology (22 decks)

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