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Pulmonology > Acute Bronchitis & CAP > Flashcards

Acute Bronchitis & CAP Flashcards

1
Q

a lower respiratory tract infection involving the bronchi, mostly caused by a viral infection

A

acute bronchitis

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2
Q

what is acute bronchitis preceded by?

A

URI

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3
Q

how does a cough present in a patient with acute bronchitis? (3)

A

5-18 days
rhonchi that clears with cough
chest pain

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4
Q

how is a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis made?

A

by exclusion of pneumonia

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5
Q

what test can be ordered for acute bronchitis?

A

rapid test for flu and COVID

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6
Q

how long does acute bronchitis take to resolve on its own?

A

1-3 weeks

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7
Q

what is the general treatment for acute bronchitis?

A

cough suppressant
NSAIDs

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8
Q

what cough suppressants can be used for acute bronchitis?

A

benzonatate
dextromethorphan

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9
Q

what NSAIDs can be used for acute bronchitis?

A

ibuprofen
naproxen

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10
Q

where does pneumonia take place in the lungs?

A

alveoli

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of CAP?

A

aspiration from oropharynx

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12
Q

what is the most common organism of CAP?

A

strep pneumoniae

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13
Q

a patient presents with fever, rigors, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, abdominal pain, tachypnea, tachycardia inspiratory crackles or bronchial breath sounds, dullness to percussion. what are they experiencing?

A

CAP

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14
Q

what would CAP look like in a chest xray? (2)

A

patchy airspace opacities
pleural effusion

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15
Q

what other diagnostics, besides chest xray, can be done for CAP? (2)

A

sputum gram stain
urinary antigen test

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16
Q

what are 3 indications for urinary antigen testing for S. pneumonia?

A

leukopenia
alcohol use
asplenia

17
Q

what are 3 indications for urinary antigen testing for Legionella?

A

recent travel
alcohol use
hyponatremia

18
Q

what is the treatment for CAP for an otherwise healthy patient?

A

amoxicillin + azithromycin OR doxycycline

19
Q

what is the treatment for CAP for a patient who has comorbidities or has used antibiotics recently?

A

Augmentin + azithromycin OR doxycycline

20
Q

what is the treatment for CAP in a patient that is allergic to penicillin?

A

cephalosporin + azithromycin OR doxycycline

21
Q

what is the treatment for a patient that has structural lung disease?

A

levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
lefamulin

22
Q

what class of medication can be added for a patient with severe CAP and is hospitalized?

A

corticosteroids

23
Q

what is used to determine whether a patient with CAP should be admitted to the hospital?

A

Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI)
CURB-65

24
Q

how long will a chest xray take to clear after successful treatment of CAP?

A

over 6 weeks

25
Q

what are 2 clues that CAP etiology is legionella?

A

recent travel
low Na+

26
Q

what are 2 clues that CAP etiology is strep pneumonia?

A

rust colored sputum
crowded area

27
Q

what is a clue that CAP etiology is h. influenza?

28
Q

what is a clue that CAP etiology is m. catarrhalis?

29
Q

what are 2 clues that CAP etiology is Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

solid organ transplant
dialysis

30
Q

what are 2 clues that CAP etiology is anaerobic?

A

peridontal disease
foul smelling sputum

31
Q

what is a clue that CAP etiology is mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

bullous myringitis (bubbles in ear)

32
Q

what is a clue that CAP etiology is histoplasmosis?

A

exposure to bat/bird droppings

33
Q

what is a clue that CAP etiology is hantavirus?

A

exposure to mouse droppings

Pulmonology (22 decks)

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