Sleep Apnea Flashcards
what is the problem in OSA?
pharynx collapses due to muscle relaxation
where is the most common site of pharyngeal collapse in OSA?
soft palate
what is the most common risk factor of OSA?
obesity
what symptoms would a patient with OSA have? (4)
snoring
gasping
frequent waking
daytime sleepiness
what are some physical findings of OSA? (4)
enlarged tongue
low-lying soft palate
hypertension
nasal polyps/septal deviation
what are 3 diagnostics for OSA?
CBC
fiberoptic ENT exam
overnight polysomnography
what would be seen in a CBC of a patient that has sleep apnea?
erythrocytosis
what are the overnight polysomnography findings in OSA?
decreased O2 saturation
bradycardia
tachydysrhythmias as ventilation returns
what is the 1st line treatment for OSA?
CPAP
what is a treatment for OSA that has poor compliance?
mechanical device
what surgery option is available to patients with OSA?
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)
what is the treatment for OSA that is caused by septal deviation?
nasal septoplasty
what is the definitive treatment for OSA but has major consequences?
tracheostomy
what medication can be used as an OSA treatment?
acetazolamide
how does acetazolamide help with OSA?
is acidic - stimulates respirations
