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Pulmonology > Infant RDS and Epiglottitis > Flashcards

Infant RDS and Epiglottitis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the problem in infant RDS?

A

deficiency in pulmonary surfactant

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2
Q

during which week of gestation is surfactant expressed in the lungs?

A

20th week

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3
Q

what does inadequate surfactant result in?

A

high surface tension = increased atelectasis

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4
Q

what is it called when alveoli stick together in large portions of the lungs?

A

atelectasis

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5
Q

what is used to test fetal lung maturity?

A

lamellar body count

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6
Q

how is a lamellar body count done?

A

amniocentesis

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7
Q

a patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, nasal flaring, expiratory grunting, chest wall retractions, cyanosis, and apneic episodes with progression. what are they experiencing?

A

infant RDS

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8
Q

what will infant RDS look like on chest xray?

A

ground glass
total white out if severe

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9
Q

what is the treatment for infant RDS antenatal between 23-34 weeks of gestation?

A

corticosteroids

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10
Q

when should antenatal corticosteroids be given?

A

1-7 days before birth

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11
Q

what is the first line treatment for infant RDS?

A

nasal CPAP

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12
Q

what are 2 other treatment for infant RDS, besides nasal CPAP?

A

intubation
surfactant therapy

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13
Q

when should epiglottitis be suspected?

A

rapidly developing sore throat
odynophagia out of proportion to exam

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14
Q

cellulitis and inflammation of the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and surrounding tissues

A

acute epiglottitis

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15
Q

what is the most common etiology of acute epiglottitis in pediatrics prior to vaccine?

A

H flu

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16
Q

what are the most common etiologies of acute epiglottitis in pediatrics post-vaccine?

A

strep and staph

17
Q

what is the most common etiology of acute epiglottitis in adults?

18
Q

what are the three D’s of acute epiglottitis?

A

dysphagia
drooling
distress

19
Q

what exam can be completed in a patient with acute epiglottitis?

A

oropharyngeal exam

20
Q

what kind of xray can confirm diagnosis of acute epiglottitis?

A

lateral neck xray

21
Q

which diagnostic provides definitive diagnosis of acute epiglottitis?

A

nasopharyngeal fiberoptic scope

22
Q

what are two ways to manage the airway in acute epiglottitis?

A

awake nasal intubation
cricothyroidotomy

23
Q

what IV antibiotics should be used in acute epiglottitis in the hospital?

A

IV ceftriaxone + vancomycin

Pulmonology (22 decks)

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