Intro

Question 1

movement of air in and out of the lungs

Answer 1

ventilation

Question 2

gas exchange between alveoli and blood

Answer 2

respiration

Question 3

subjective feeling of difficult, labored, or uncomfortable breathing

Answer 3

shortness of breath

Question 4

rapid breathing, more than 20 breaths/min

Answer 4

tachypnea

Question 5

SOB in recumbent position

Answer 5

orthopnea

Question 6

orthopnea that wakes the patient from sleep prompting an upright position and feel the sensation of breathlessness

Answer 6

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 7

abnormally low oxygen in the blood

Answer 7

hypoxemia

Question 8

combination of patient’s subjective dyspnea with signs indicating difficulty breathing

Answer 8

respiratory distress

Question 9

s&s include cyanosis, inability to maintain resp. effort, depressed mental status, dec PO2, dec O2, inc CO2, and low pH

Answer 9

impending respiratory arrest (respiratory failure)

Question 10

what does the A-a gradient do?

Answer 10

determines the cause of a patient’s hypoxia

Question 11

the difference between oxygen in alveoli and arterial blood

Answer 11

A-a gradient

Question 12

what does a normal A-a gradient mean?

Answer 12

oxygen entering the lungs is properly diffusing into the blood from the alveoli

Question 13

what are 2 conditions in which A-a gradient can be normal even in a state of hypoxemia?

Answer 13

high altitude
hypoventilation

Question 14

how would A-a gradient change if oxygen is not moving as expected into the blood from the alveoli?

Answer 14

increased A-a gradient

Question 15

what does an abnormal A-a gradient mean?

Answer 15

oxygen entering the lungs cannot properly diffuse into the blood

Question 16

air is moving throughout all sections of the lungs and blood is moving through all pulmonary vessels

Answer 16

V/Q match

Question 17

air is moving throughout all sections of the lungs but blood is blocked or hindered in its progress through the lungs

Answer 17

circulatory compromise

Question 18

air is hindered from contacting alveoli or alveoli surface area is reduced, while blood is circulating normally

Answer 18

air space compromise

Question 19

how to calculate expected A-a gradient?

Answer 19

age/4+4