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Pulmonology > Pulmonary Neoplasms > Flashcards

Pulmonary Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 characteristics of a pulmonary nodule?

A

< 3 cm
isolated
round

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2
Q

what is the first step in evaluating malignancy for a pulmonary nodule?

A

review old imagining to estimate doubling time

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3
Q

what doubling time of a pulmonary nodule suggests infection?

A

<30 days

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4
Q

what doubling time of a pulmonary nodule suggests long-term stability and benign status?

A

> 465 days

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5
Q

what is the 2nd step in evaluating malignancy for a pulmonary nodule?

A

evaluate nodule in current imaging

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6
Q

what pulmonary nodule size has an 80% risk in malignancy?

A

21-45 mm

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7
Q

what diagnostic should be done on all patients with a pulmonary nodule?

A

chest CT

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8
Q

what is the treatment/evaluation for a nodule that has <5% probability of malignancy?

A

regular imaging studies to monitor

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9
Q

what size nodule without risk factors for malignancy does not require follow up?

A

< 6mm

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10
Q

what are 3 diagnostics that can be done for a nodule that has 5-60% probability of malignany?

A

biopsy via transthoracic needle aspiration
sputum cytology
PET scan

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11
Q

what kind of lesions is a sputum cytology used for?

A

central lesions

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12
Q

what does a PET scan detect in pulmonary nodules?

A

increased metabolism in malignant lesions

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13
Q

what does a positive PET scan require?

A

removal

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14
Q

what does a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery do for a pulmonary nodule?

A

removes nodule and evaluates it in OR with frozen section for malignancy and staging

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15
Q

what is the treatment/evaluation for a nodule that has >60% probability of malignancy?

A

immediate resection and tumor staging

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16
Q

tumor found in the central bronchi of the lungs

A

carcinoid tumor

17
Q

what is carcinoid syndrome?

A

Cramping/diarrhea
Asthmatic wheezing
Right-sided hypotension
Cutaneous flushing

18
Q

a patient presents with cough, focal wheezing, and recurrent lung infections. what are they suspicious for?

A

carcinoid tumor

19
Q

what are complications of a carcinoid tumor?

A

local bleeding
airway obstruction

20
Q

what is the management for a carcinoid tumor?

A

only removed if clinically symptomatic

21
Q

what is characteristic of a carcinoid tumor?

A

grow slowly
rarely metastasize

22
Q

lung cancer that arises from bronchial epithelium and often present as an intraluminal mass

A

squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

lung cancer that arises from mucous glands within or distal to the terminal bronchioles and affects lung parenchyma

A

adenocarcinoma

24
Q

lung cancer that spreads along preexisting alveolar structures without evidence of invasion into parenchyma

A

adenocarcinoma in situ

25
Q

lung cancer of bronchial origin that typically begin centrally and infiltrate submucosa to cause narrowing of the bronchus

A

small cell carcinoma

26
Q

lung cancer that is typically aggressive and have rapid doubling times, and present as central or peripheral masses

A

large cell carcinoma

27
Q

what is the most common type of lung cancer?

A

adenocarcinoma

28
Q

what are the top 5 symptoms of lung cancer?

A

cough
anorexia
pain
hemoptysis
pleural effusion

29
Q

what diagnostic is best for central airway lesions?

A

sputum cytology

30
Q

what diagnostic is best for malignant pleural effusions?

A

thoracentesis

31
Q

what diagnostic is best for metastatic lymph nodes?

A

fine-needle aspiration

32
Q

what diagnostic can be used to help visualize the major airways and help assist in the other diagnostics like biopsy and FNA?

A

bronchoscopy

33
Q

what does TNM stand for?

A

T - tumor size and location
N- nodal metastases
M - distant metastases

34
Q

what is the treatment for all non-small cell lung carcinomas?

A

resection
+/- chemotherapy

35
Q

a patient with lung cancer presents with ipsilateral findings of ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. what are they experiencing?

A

horner sydrome

36
Q

what 3 places can distant metastasis occur?

A

bone
brain
liver

37
Q

what kind of organ dysfunction can occur in small cell carcinoma?

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

38
Q

what kind of organ dysfunction can occur in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

hypercalcemia

Pulmonology (22 decks)

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