taxonomy and classification Flashcards
define taxonomy
the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms into groups
define a species
2 organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring
what is courtship behaviour
organisms interacting to engage in successful mating
- dances
- noises
what is a phylogenic classification system
arranging species into groups based on their evolutionary orgigns and relationships
describe the hierarchy used in a phylogenic classification
smaller groups are places within larger groups with no overlap within groups
what is in the hierarchy order of the taxa
eg kingdom…
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what is the acronym for the taxa
d
king
prawn
curry
over
fat
greasy
sausages
what is binomial naming system
genus then species
eg Homo sapiens
what are the two main ways organisms are based into groups
morphology - how it looks
molecular phylogeny - the sequence of its genes
what are some problems with classifying species 4
-species are genetically diverse
-some species can be reclassifies into two
-biologists often disagree about particular species
-new species can arise from existing species - species can change with time
how is dna analysed
comparisons of DNA base sequences
define Convergent
organisms look similar now because they live in similar environments but actually aren’t the same
define Speciation
new species formed and then the two species cant reproduce fertile offspring
reasons for courtship behaviour
recognise their own species
identify opposite sex
to form a pair bond
showing fertility
define artificial classification
using colour, size number of legs etc
using analogous characteristics
same function but not same evolutionary origins
define generic name
genus organism belongs to
define specific nae
species which organism belongs to
define phylogenetic classification
name based on evolutionary relationships
based on shared features between organisms and their ancestors
how to use biological molecules to see if 2 species are related (not immunological evidence)
compare dna sequences
compare protein sequences
describe how immunological evidence can be used to determine if 2 species are related
inject protein from one species into another organism
obtain antibodies
add proteins from other species
amount of precipitate indicates relationship
