monosaccharides/disaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

3 quality’s of monosaccharides

A

sweet
soluble
can crystalise (when taken out of solution)

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2
Q

general structure of carbs

A

Cn(H20)n

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3
Q

how is a disaccharide formed

A

condensation reaction (water molecule given off) forming a glycosidic (covalent) bond

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4
Q

what bond does a disaccharide have

A

glycosidic bond (covalent)
-o-

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5
Q

what glycosidic bonds form straight chains

A

1-4

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6
Q

what glycosidic bonds form branches

A

1-6

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7
Q

how is maltose hydrolysed

A

by maltase to form 2 alpha glucose molecules

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8
Q

how is sucrose hydrolysed

A

by sucrase to form an alpha glucose and a fructose molecules

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9
Q

how is lactose hydrolysed

A

by lactase to form an alpha glucose and galactose molecules

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10
Q

test for reducing sugars

A

add benedict’s reagent
heat mixture in a gently boiling water bath for 5 mins

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11
Q

what is maltose made of

A

two alpha glucose

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12
Q

what is sucrose made of

A

alpha glucose and fructose

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13
Q

what is lactose made of

A

alpha glucose and galactose

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14
Q

test for non reducing sugars

A

after negative reducing sugars test,
* Boil in hydrochloric acid (to hydrolyse the disaccharide into its monosaccharides)
* Add sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (to neutralise)
* heat in Benedicts reagent
* brick red precipitiate

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15
Q

3 monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

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16
Q

what are dimers

A

disaccharides

17
Q

opposite of a condensation reaction

A

hydrolysis reaction

18
Q

which sugars are reducing sugars

A

maltose and all monosaccharides

19
Q

what makes a reducing sugar reducing

A

if it can become oxidised - needs a carboxyl group