structure of eukaryotic cells

Question 1

what is the ultrastructure of a cell

Answer 1

internal structure that is suited for its job

Question 2

what is the role of the nucleus

Answer 2

control centre of a cell through production of RNA
hold cells genetic material
manufactures rRNA ad ribososmes

Question 3

give an example of how cells change shape to adapt for their function

Answer 3

axons - long extension to increase surface area

Question 4

describe the structure of nucleus

Answer 4

strands of dna wrapped around histones
surrounded by a double membrane envelope

Question 5

function of dna

Answer 5

stores genetic information (DNA)

Question 6

how does membrane protect dna

Answer 6

controls entry and exit of molecules

Question 7

what is the nucleolus

Answer 7

dense region of dna and protein
synthesises ribosomes

Question 9

describe the structure of mitochondria

Answer 9

rod shaped
outer and inner membrane folded into christae

Question 10

what does the fluid matrix in mitochondria contain

Answer 10

enzymes
70s ribosomes
circular DNA

Question 11

what is the function of mitochondria

Answer 11

site of aerobic respiration

Question 12

describe the structure of chloroplasts

Answer 12

disc shaped
double membrane surrounding fluid stroma

Question 13

what does fluid stroma contain

Answer 13

enzymes
70 s ribosomes
circular dna

Question 14

what 2 things contain the chlorophyl in the chloroplasts in chloroplasts

Answer 14

stacks of membrane disks and thylakoids

Question 15

what is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 15

site of photosynthesis

Question 16

what is light energy absorbed by in chloroplasts

Answer 16

by the chlorophyl in the thylakoid

Question 17

describe the structure of the cell membrane and what its made of

Answer 17

phospholipid bilayer
with embedded proteins and glycoproteins

Question 18

function of cell membrane

Answer 18

controls the diffusion of molecules and ions between the cytoplasm and the surrounding fluid

Question 19

describe the structure of cell walls in plants

Answer 19

cellulose fibres embedded in a matrix

Question 20

function of plant cell walls

Answer 20

supports and provides strength to the cell
also stops cell bursting from osmotic pressure
attaches cells together

Question 21

what are cell walls made of in plants and fungi

Answer 21

plants - cellulose
fungi - chitin

Question 22

describe the structure of Golgi apparatus

Answer 22

stack of flattened sacks of membranes
has many proteins embedded in the membrane surfaces

Question 23

what is the function of golgi apparatus

Answer 23

modifies proteins and lipids
packages molecules into vesicles for support

Question 24

describe the structure and function of vesicles

Answer 24

small, membrane bound spheres
transport large molecules

Question 25

describe the structure of lysosomes

Answer 25

small hollow membrane spheres

Question 26

what enzymes do lysosomes contain

Answer 26

hydrolytic digestive enzymes

Question 27

describe the structure of ribosomes

Answer 27

small spherical organelles made of 2 sub-units

Question 28

function of lysosomes

Answer 28

digest pathogens and large molecules ingested into the cell
destroys damages organelles

Question 29

function of ribosomes

Answer 29

site of protein synthesis
translation

Question 30

describe the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 30

flattened discs of membranes
ribosomes on outer surface
= large surface area

Question 31

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 31

synthesis of proteins for transport in vesicles or forming parts of membranes

Question 32

structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 32

large network of membrane tubules

Question 33

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 33

synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 34

structure of vacuoles in plants

Answer 34

fluid filled sac surrounded by a membrane

Question 35

function of vacuole

Answer 35

temporary food store
help to maintain turgor pressure
holds shape of cell