enzymes structure + function Flashcards

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1
Q

what kinds of proteins are enzymes

A

globular proteins

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2
Q

what kinds of proteins do enzymes have

A

mostly quaternary (some tertiary)

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3
Q

define catabolic reactions

A

break down big molecules into small molecules

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4
Q

define anabolic reactions

A

combine smaller molecules into larger molecules

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5
Q

what is induced fit

A

enzyme changes shape in order to fit substrate

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6
Q

define enzyme

A

biological enzymes used to speed up metabolic reactions

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7
Q

what does an enzyme inhibitor do

A

interfere with functioning of the active site of an enzyme

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8
Q

what do competitive inhibitors do

A

compete with substrate to occupy active site of enzyme (not permanent)

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9
Q

what do non-competitive inhibitors do

A

alter the shape of the enzymes active site so enzyme cant function (permanent)

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10
Q

define metabolic pathway

A

series of reactions in which each step is catalysed by an enzyme

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11
Q

how do enzyme properties relate to their tertiary structure

A

each different enzyme has a different tertiary structure and therefore active site. only 1 substrate can fit, so only one reaction can be catalysed

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12
Q

what is an extracellular enzyme

A

produced and secreted by cells to catalyse reactions outside of cells

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13
Q

how does substrate concentration affect the rate of reaction

A

more substrate molecules, more collisions, more actve sites used up.
increases rate of reaction up to a point

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14
Q

how do enzymes lower their activation energy in anabolic reactions

A

enzymes hold 2 substrate molecules close together, reducing any repulsion between the molecules so they bond more easily

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15
Q

how does enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction

A

more enzyme molecules, more active sites, more likely for collisions to occur. increasing rate of reaction

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16
Q

what is an intracellular enzyme

A

catalyse reactions inside cells

17
Q

what happens if substrate concentration is limited

A

increasing enzyme conc would have no further affect, substrate conc would be limiting factor

18
Q

define enzyme

A

biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy

19
Q

why are enzymes highly specific

A

tertiary structure means only one complimentary substrate will fit into the active site

20
Q

in relation to enzymes, what is saturation point

A

all active sites are full and adding more substrate s would have no further effect

21
Q

why can gene mutation result in an enzyme not catalysing a reaction

A

changed base sequence of a gene, changing primary structure of a protein, so different R groups, and different binding between them, folding changes, 3D structure changes.
therefeore active site changes and an enzyme substrate complex cant be made

22
Q

how do enzymes lower the activation energy in catabolic reactions

A

fitting into the active site puts a strain on the bonds in the substrate so the substrate molecules break up more easily

23
Q

describe the lock and key theory

A

single molecule w a shape that has a complimentary fit in the active site. substrate forms temporary bonds with the amino acids in the active site forming n enzyme substrate complex

24
Q

describe induced fit theory

A

enzymes are specific so only bond to one substance. complementary substrate enters active site and causes active site to change shape so it fits more closely around substrate