enzymes structure + function Flashcards
what kinds of proteins are enzymes
globular proteins
what kinds of proteins do enzymes have
mostly quaternary (some tertiary)
define catabolic reactions
break down big molecules into small molecules
define anabolic reactions
combine smaller molecules into larger molecules
what is induced fit
enzyme changes shape in order to fit substrate
define enzyme
biological enzymes used to speed up metabolic reactions
what does an enzyme inhibitor do
interfere with functioning of the active site of an enzyme
what do competitive inhibitors do
compete with substrate to occupy active site of enzyme (not permanent)
what do non-competitive inhibitors do
alter the shape of the enzymes active site so enzyme cant function (permanent)
define metabolic pathway
series of reactions in which each step is catalysed by an enzyme
how do enzyme properties relate to their tertiary structure
each different enzyme has a different tertiary structure and therefore active site. only 1 substrate can fit, so only one reaction can be catalysed
what is an extracellular enzyme
produced and secreted by cells to catalyse reactions outside of cells
how does substrate concentration affect the rate of reaction
more substrate molecules, more collisions, more actve sites used up.
increases rate of reaction up to a point
how do enzymes lower their activation energy in anabolic reactions
enzymes hold 2 substrate molecules close together, reducing any repulsion between the molecules so they bond more easily
how does enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction
more enzyme molecules, more active sites, more likely for collisions to occur. increasing rate of reaction