Taxonomy Flashcards
The branch of biology concerned with describing, naming, identifying and classifying organisms.
Taxonomy
Swedish naturalist ______ devised a system of grouping organisms into hierarchical categories according to their form and structure.
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Taxon : Singular
____ : plural
Taxa
In 1981, a category higher than a kingdom, called _____ was proposed by _____
Domain, Carl Woese
Arrange this in order:
Phylum
Family
Genus
Order
Species
Kingdom
Domain
Class
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
____ refers to the practice of assigning scientific names.
Nomenclature
Binomial comes from the words “bi” meaning “two” and_____ meaning “name”.
Nomen
A species name consists of two parts: ____ or generic name and the _____.
Genus and specific epithet.
Correct the species name:
canisfamiliaris
Canis familiaris
Biologists refer to variations of a species that live in different geographic areas as ______
Subspecies
a tool that helps identify unknown organisms to some taxonomic level.
Dichotomous key
the study of the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization.
Systematics
the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms.
Phylogeny
This type of diagram looks like a family tree and has a branching pattern that indicates how closely related subset of taxa are thought to be.
Phylogenetic tree
Parts of a phylogenic tree?
Root, Branch point, Basal Taxon, Sister taxa and polytomy
a system of phylogenetic analysis that uses shared and derived characters as the only criteria for grouping taxa.
Cladistics
In 1966, German biologist, _____developed cladistics
Willi Hennig
A feature that all members of a group have in common
Shared character
A feature that evolved only within the group under consideration.
Derived character
a phylogenetic tree that shows relationship of taxa based on shared derived characters.
Cladogram
organism that is distantly related to the other organisms. It is a starting point or comparison with the other organism being evaluated.
Out-group
The ___ of a phylogenetic tree indicates that an ancestral lineage gave rise to all organisms on the tree.
Root
A ___ indicates where two lineages diverged.
Branch point
A lineage that evolved early and remains unbranched is a ___
basal taxon
When two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are ___
sister taxa
A branch with more than two lineages is a ___
Polytomy
