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Biology > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The continuity of life is based on the reproduction
of cells, or cell division.

A

cell cycle

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2
Q

What are the three stages in interphase?

A
  1. G1 Phase
  2. S Phase
  3. G2 Phase
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3
Q

What are the 5 stages in Mitosis?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
  5. Cytokinesis
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4
Q

Determine the phase:

Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and enzymes are
produced in preparation for
S & M Phase; increase in cell size and volume

A

G1 Phase

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5
Q

Determine the phase:
Cells commit to divide if
nutrients and cell size is
sufficient

A

G1 (G1/S) Checkpoint

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6
Q

growth factors; Cyclin and Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK)

A

Stimulating Protein

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7
Q

TP53 protein; Retinoblastoma
protein (Rb)

A

Inhibiting Protein

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8
Q

Determine the phase:

Toward the end of the G1
phase, a cell can “exit” the cell
cycle when it receives a signal
to differentiate, or when
resources are insufficient to
grow and divide; resting phase

A

G0 Phase

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9
Q

Determine the phase:

DNA that will be passed on daughter cells in M phase is replicated; production of centrosomes

A

S Phase (Synthesis)

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10
Q

Determine the phase:

Replenishment of energy
and synthesis of tubulin
dimers are produced; Cell increase in size and volume

A

G2 Phase

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11
Q

Ensures that all DNA are
completely and correctly
replicated; Cells proceeds to M phase if cell size and nutrients are sufficient

A

G2 (G/M) Checkpoint

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12
Q

It is the most common form
of cell division in somatic
eukaryotic cells

A

Mitosis

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13
Q

two genetically identical cells
are produced. It is a
fundamental process during
growth and tissue repair.

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

As the cell prepares for reproduction, it duplicates its DNA and takes the necessary internal and external measures to successfully undergo the process; The period between two consecutive mitoses

A

Interphase

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15
Q

The nuclear envelope starts to break down; Chromatin undergoes progressive
condensation due to supercoiling, resulting
in the formation of chromosomes; The centrosome duplicates

A

Prophase

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16
Q

The chromosomes align at the cell’s equator, with the fibers of the mitotic spindle; Microtubules attach to each centromere of the chromosomes.

A

Metaphase

17
Q

It is the crucial phase of mitosis
because it is when the distribution of the original genetic information occurs; The two groups of chromosomes (which are identical) move apart thanks to the microtubules toward opposite poles of the cell.

A

Anaphase

18
Q

The microtubules that aided in
the migration disappear; The chromosomes start to
decondense, exposing the DNA and initiating the processes characteristic of an independent cell; Two new nuclear envelopes begin to
form

A

Telophase

19
Q

physical separation of
the cytoplasm; A contractile ring composed of actin and myosin microfilaments forms, constricting the cell; A cleavage furrow forms, ultimately
separating the two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

20
Q

Nuclear division; the nucleus passes through a series of uninterrupted changes before forming two daughter nuclei

A

Karyokinesis

21
Q

form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell; during mitosis, these are called mitotic spindle

A

Spindle fibers

22
Q

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division

A

Chromatid

23
Q

structure in a chromosome that holds together the two chromatids

A

Centromere

24
Q

In G1 phase, how many hours does this phase take?

A

10 hours

25
Q

In S phase, how many hours does this phase take?

A

8 hours

26
Q

In G2 phase, how many hours does this phase take?

A

4 hours

27
Q

In mitosis, how many hours does this process take?

A

2 hours

28
Q

What are the stimulating protein during G1/S checkpoint?

A

Growth factors
Cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases (CDK)

29
Q

What are the inhibiting proteins during G1/S checkpoint?

A

TP53 protein
Retinoblastoma protein (Rb)

30
Q

What does TP53 stands for?

A

Tumor prevention protein

31
Q

During G1/S checkpoint, it is responsible for killing cells

A

Retinoblastoma protein (Rb)

32
Q

What are the two phases of G0?

A

Resting phase or non-dividing phase

33
Q

What is the stimulating protein during G2 checkpoint?

A

Cyclin and Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK)

34
Q

What is the inhibiting protein during G2 checkpoint?

A

TP53 protein

35
Q

Determine the syndrome:

It is common for females, lacking an X chromosome

A

Turner syndrome

36
Q

Determine the syndrome:

A syndrome that has extra Y chromosome ( only found in men )

A

Jacobs syndrome

Biology (14 decks)

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