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Biology > History of Life > Flashcards

History of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Smallest division of the
geological time scale

A

Epoch

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2
Q

a division of geologic
history with spans of no
more than 100 million

A

Period

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3
Q

Division that span time
periods of tens to hundred
of million of year

A

Era

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4
Q

Largest division of the
geological time scale; half
billion - 2 billion of years

A

Eon

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5
Q

remnant, impression, or trace of
an animal or plant past a geological age
that has been preserved in the Earth’s
crust

A

Fossils

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6
Q

The complex of data recorded in fossils
worldwide is known as ______ which is
the primary source of information about the
history of life on Earth.

A

Fossil record

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7
Q

lasted for 4.5 million years; about 88 % of the Earth’s history

A

Precambrian Eon

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8
Q

The solidification of the earth’s continental and oceanic crust

A

Hadean Eon (4.6 Billion Years ago)

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9
Q

The evolution of earth’s first life forms

A

Archean Eon ( 4 Billion Years ago)

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10
Q

The appearance of multi-celled animals and the
gathering of land masses to form continents

A

Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Billion Years ago)

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11
Q

Known as the oldest fossil

A

Stromatolite

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12
Q

The era that began with a spectacular burst of life.

A

cambrian period ( 544-505 MYA)

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13
Q

_____ - prehistoric sponges
_____ - Trilobites

A

Echinoderms and Arthropods

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14
Q

The ocean were filled with many invertebrates

The first fish evolved

Plants colonized the land for the first time, but
animals still remained in water

A

ordovician period
(505 - 440 Million years ago)

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15
Q

In the ocean, corals appeared and fish
continued to evolve

On land, vascular plants appeared. With special
tissues to circulate water and other materials.

A

Silurian Period ( 440-410 Million years ago)

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16
Q

The first seed plant evolved. Seeds have
protective coat and food to help them survive.

Fish with lobe fins evolved. They can breath air
when they raised their heads above water.

A

devonian period
(410 - 360 Million years ago)

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17
Q

Wide spreading of forest left deposits of carbon that turned into coal

The first amphibians & reptiles colonized land

A

CARBONIFEROUS period
(360 - 290 Million years ago)

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18
Q

All major land masses collided to form Pangea
Temperature were extreme and climate was dry
Plants evolved with waxy leaves, while animals evolved with leathery skin to avoid water loss.

A

PERMIAN period (290 - 245 Million years ago)

19
Q

Age of Reptiles
“ Era of Dinosaurs”

A

MESOZOIC ERA
(280 Million years ago)

20
Q

First Dinosaur colonized the land, air, and water
Huge seeds, ferns and conifers dominated the forests, and modern corals, fish, and insects.

The Pangea started to separate into Laurasia & Gondwanaland
Ended with another mass extinction.

A

TRIASSIC PERIOD
(251 Million years ago)

21
Q

“Golden Age of Dinosaurs”

Earliest bird and mammal evolved

First flowering plants and new insects (pollinator)
Continents continued to move (Volcanic Activity)

A

JURASSIC PERIOD
(203.1 Million years ago)

22
Q

Dinosaurs’ peak in size and distribution
Earth’s climate was warm; the poles lacked ice
Continents were close to their present locations
Ended with extinction of the dinosaurs

A

CRETACEOUS PERIOD
(145 Million years ago)

23
Q

Age of Mammals
“ Recent Life”

A

CENOZOIC ERA (65 Million years ago - present)

24
Q

Climate was generally warm and humid
Mammals evolved (Increase in size)
Primates evolved (human ancestors)
Modern rainforest and grassland appeared
Flowering plants and insects are numerous

A

TERTIARY PERIOD/ PALEOGENE & NEOGENE PERIOD
(65 - 1.8 Million years ago)

25
Q

First rodents, rabbits, primates and carnivores.
Small mammal became larger

A

Paleocene epoch
(65.5 – 55.8 Million years ago)

26
Q

Hyracotherium, echinoids abundant
Whale-like mammal, hyena-like mammal

A

eocene epoch
(56 Million years ago)

27
Q

Hominoids (Early Apes)
Mesohippus, basic orders of mammals present

A

oligocene epoch
(33.9 Million years ago)

28
Q

Major Climatic Changes
Pigs, Camels, Cattles, Deer, Giraffe, Merychippus

A

Miocene epoch
(23 Million years ago)

29
Q

Pliohippus, H. Habilis (2.5MYA), H. Erectus (1.8 MY)
Hominids (earliest humans 4.4 MYA), Australopithecus

A

Pliocene epoch
(5.3 Million years ago)

30
Q

Climate cooled leading to a series of ice age
Sea levels fell because water froze into glaciers
Created land bridges between continents, allowing land animals to move to new areas

A

quaternary PERIOD
(1.8 Million years ago - present)

31
Q

Equus (Horse), Cro-Magnon
Ice-age begins, Neandertals
Extinction caused by over predation and lack of vegetation

A

Pleistocene epoch
(2.6 Million years ago)

32
Q

Sumerian Civilizations (0.006 MYA)
Ice Age ends
Agriculture and Development

A

holocene epoch
(0.01 Million years ago)

33
Q

Known as the first avian (bird)

A

Archaeopteryx (its descendant is turkey)

34
Q

It’s known as the early marsupial

A

Pseudotribos

35
Q

First flowering plant

A

Nanjinganthus

36
Q

methods estimate whether an object is younger or older than other things found at the site. Does not offer specific dates, it simply allows to determine if one artifact, fossil, or stratigraphic layer is older than another.

A

Relative dating

37
Q

methods provide more specific origin dates and time ranges, such as an age range in years. How specific these dates can be will depend on what method is used.

A

Absolute dating

38
Q

molten rocks, no lifeforms
- named after hades (greek god of the underworld)

A

Hadean

39
Q

rise of cyanobacteria
-stromatolites (cyanobacteria fossil)

A

Archaen eon

40
Q

formation of stable continents, the appearance of abundant bacteria and archaea, and the buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere.

A

Proterozoic Eon

41
Q

Paleo means __?

A

Ancient or old

42
Q

Many organism in this era are invertebrates

A

Paleozoic Era

43
Q

During cambrian period there is an abundance of ___ and ___

A

Oxygen and Calcium

Biology (14 decks)

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