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Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new

involves artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism or population of organisms.

A

Genetic Engineering

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2
Q

done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms.

A

Artificial Selection

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3
Q

process when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits

A

Selective/Classical breeding

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4
Q

when two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms like the disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato

A

Hybridizations

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5
Q

is a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits found in the pure dog breeds

A

Inbreeding

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6
Q

What are the steps in classical breeding?

A
  1. Determine which traits are significant enough to be chosen.
  2. Select parents that exemplify these traits
  3. Choose the best offspring from parents to produce the next generation
  4. Repeat the process
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7
Q

What are the ancient practices of genetic engineering?

A

Artificial breeding, Classical breeding, Hybridization and Inbreeding.

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8
Q

Inserting the desired gene into the genome of the host involves the selection of the desired gene for administration into the host followed by a selection of the perfect vector with which the gene has to be integrated.

A

Recombinant DNA technology

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9
Q

What are the applications of recombinant DNA technology?

A

Diagnosis of genetic diseases, DNA typing, Gene therapy, Hepatitis B Vaccine and synthesis of human insulin

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10
Q

A technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things.

A

Cloning

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11
Q

DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another.

A

Gene splicing

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12
Q

a plant, animal, microorganism or other organism whose genetic makeup has been modified in a laboratory using genetic engineering or transgenic technology.

A

Transgenic organism

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13
Q

Applications of GMO

A

Research
Clothing
Fuel
Pharmaceuticals
Vaccine
Agriculture

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14
Q

GMO Animals have even been used to grow transplant tissues and human transplant organs

A

Xenotransplantation

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15
Q

Study of controversial ethics brought about by advances in biology and medicine.

A

Bio-ethics

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16
Q

Austrian monk who developed much of the concepts and principles of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

17
Q

alternate form of a gene for a particular trait found at the same location of two different chromosomes

A

Allele

18
Q

trait being expressed in an organism

A

Dominant trait

19
Q

trait masked by a dominant trait

A

Recessive trait

20
Q

genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genotype

21
Q

– refers to the physical traits of an organism based on the organism’s makeup

A

Phenotype

22
Q

refers to the same alleles for the same trait

A

Homozygous

23
Q

refers to two different alleles for the same trait

A

Heterozygous

24
Q

diagram used to show the results of crossing two organisms

A

Punnet square

25
Q

It is a cross involving a single trait with two alleles

A

Monohybrid cross

26
Q

It is a cross involving two traits with four possible alleles

A

Dihybrid cross

27
Q

one trait always dominates the other

A

Law of dominance

28
Q

half of the genetic information will be passed by each of the parent.

A

Law of segregation

29
Q

states that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation.

A

Law of independent assortment

30
Q

a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein.

A

Central Dogma

31
Q

What are the three processes of central dogma?

A

Replication, Transcription and translation

32
Q

During DNA replication, DNA is ___

A

copied to make more DNA

33
Q

During transcription, DNA is ____

A

copied to RNA

34
Q

During translation, RNA is ____

A

read to create proteins

Biology (14 decks)

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