Task 4 Infants children and adolescents Flashcards
Increase of sustained attention across first ages
What is responsible for the sharp beween 2 and 3 years an a half years old?
It improves i toddlerhood and continues through childhood
Rapid growth of frontal lobes, capacity to generate complex goals and adult scaffolding of attention are responsible for this.
What happpens to attention at 4 year olds depending on parents?
Parents who help their 2 and 3 years old maintain focus of attention have more mature pre-schoolers, cognitively and socially.
How does attention changes during middle childhood?
Selectivity : Attending to just those aspects of a situation that were relvant to their task goals( ages 6 to 10 selective attention improves sharply.
Adaptability: Being flexible in their attention to momentary requirements of situations.
Planful:Attentional startegies become increasingly planful
(Children younger tthan years often forget steps, so there is a heavy demand on working memory.
What is the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Disorder involving inattention,impulsivity, and excessive motor activity taht results in academic and social problems.To be diagnosed with it the symptoms must have appeared before age 7.
How do children acquire selective, adaptable attentional strategies?
Through
Production strategy : Preschoolers fail to produce startegies when they could be helpful
Control deficiency young elementary school children produce strategies sometimes and they fail to execute them effectively.
Utilization deficiency: Later, children execute strategies, but their performance doe snot improve.
Effective strategy use in mid elementary school years, children use strategies consistently and performance improves
Memory
Recognition memory Recall memory Rehearsal Organization Elaboration Episodic memory
What is recognition memory?
Ability to tell whether stimulus is same as or similar to one they have seen before.
Recall memory
Remembering in he absence of perceptual support. It requires retention of pieces of information.
Age 2- Children can recall no more than one or two terms
Age 4- Children can recall about three or four
Rehearsal
Repeating informatio to herself
appears in early grade school years
Organization
Grouping related items together
Appears soon after early grade school years
Elaboration
Creating relationship/shared meaning between two or more pieces of infromation that are not members of the same category.
Starts by the end of middleschool and requires a lot of working-memory capacity.
Becomes common during adolescence and childhood.
WHat is episodic memory?
Our memory for everyday experiences, in remembering them, we recall complex and meaningful events.
Two types of events that can be remembered by episodic memory?
Familiar events Preschoolers rememeber famuliar events in terms of scripts( description of what occu and when it occurs in a particular situation)
with age scripts become more spontaneous and elaborate
scripts help children organize, nterpret and predict repeated events.
One time events- Or autobiographical memory are representations f personally meaningful one time events
What aere the two styles used by adults to promts children autobiographical narratives?Explai them
Parents relation to them?
The elaboratuve style : They ask various questions, add information and volunteer their own recollections and evaluations of events.
Reptitive style: They ask the same questions over and over again, so it provides little information.
Securely attached parents engage in elaborative style while parents with insecure bond engage with the rpetitive style
What is metacognition?
Children construct a coherent set of ideas about mental activities. (thinking about a thought)
