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Psychoptahology > Task 4 > Flashcards

Task 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the defintion of obsession ?

A
  • Thought images and ideas that are persisitent intrusive uncontallably and cause significant anxiety and distress
  • also it can be identfies because people wnat to neutrolize these thought via behaviour or other thought
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2
Q

What is meant by compulsions ?

A
  • repetitive behaviours or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform.
  • Behaviour focus on decreasing the stress
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3
Q

What is the connection between obsession and compulsion ?

A
  • Only pure obsession can exit

- compulsions need obsession ! ( so not pure)

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4
Q

What are intrusive thought ?

A
  • short flash ups which are unpleasant
  • u do not have any control over
  • product of ur own brain
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5
Q

Which theory explains OCD ?

A
  • Cognitive theory
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6
Q

How does cognitive theory explain OCD ? (give an example)

A
  • it states that thought determine behaviour and emotions
    1. Sitaution -> using a scissors
    2. Intrusion -> stabbing
    3. Automatic thought -> if i think i will do it
    4. emotion-> fear
    5. behvaiur -> avoid scissors
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7
Q

How can OCD be described ?

A
  • as an combination of high responsiballity and high catastrophe thining regarding future
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8
Q

What are closely related disorders ?

A
  • Hoarding disorder
  • Hair pulling dissorder
  • skin picking disorder
  • body dysmorphic disorder
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9
Q

Explain in detail what hoarding disorder is about ?

A
  • Those are people who hoard and can not put their possessions away even if it is just trash
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10
Q

What is the main difference between hoarding disorder and OCD ?

A
  • They do not experience thoughts about their possessions as unwanted,
  • for them it is natural and OCD people realize that they did something wrong
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11
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder about ?

A
  • excessive preoccupation (beschäftigung) with a part of one’s body (often face or head) that is thought to be “defective”, but that thought is not shared with others
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12
Q

What is meant by magical thinking and give an example ?

A
  • It is the believe that the copulsion impacts the obsession
  • but that is not the case it is an irrational
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13
Q

What are the DSM 5 criteria regardind OCD ?

A

A: presence of obsession or compulsion or both
B: The obsession or compulsion is time consuming-> more than an hour
C: The symptoms cause clinical significant distress or impairment on social function
D: can not be caused by any other substance
E: The symptoms are not better explained by other disorder

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14
Q

What are the prevalance of OCD ?

A
  • 1 to 3 % in overall population
  • Onset time by males 6 to 15 and females 20 -25
  • Symptoms are hidden -> under diagnosie because they are aware of symptoms and shamed
  • chronic
  • higher suicide rate15%
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15
Q

What are the comorbidity disorders of OCD and related disorder ?

A
  • Substance abuse depression phobias and panic attacks , anxiety
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16
Q

What are the most common symptoms of OCD ?

A
  1. Thoughts and images of aggression sexuality and religion
  2. symmetry and ordering
  3. contamination and cleaning
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17
Q

By what kind oft theories can OCD be explained ?

A
  • Biological theory
  • Genetic theory
  • Cognitive behavioural theory
  • Brain is missing out the filter activuty
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18
Q

How does the biological theory explain OCD ?

A
  • Focus on a abnormal activity in one circuit (kreislauf) in primitive impulses
  • Path: Frontal cortex to striatum (BG) then to thalamus and back to FC
  • inability to turn of stereotypic and urges behaviour
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19
Q

How does gentic theory explian OCD ?

A

-It states that it highly inherited

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20
Q

How does cognitive behavioural theory explain OCD ?

A
  • OCD Develops via operant conditioning
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21
Q

What are the treatments of OCD ?

A
  • SSRI -> it works but only for short term
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy -> it works better then SSRI and is more for long term effect
  • Combination of medical and behavioural therapy
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22
Q

What is the function of SSRI ?

A
  • increasing levels of serotonin in the brain and also stops the reuptake
23
Q

What is the function of cognitive behavioural therapy ?

A
  • Cognitive part focus on = reducing liklyhood TAF
  • Behavioural part: stopping the behaviour
  • via exposure theraphy
24
Q

How does exposure therapy work ?

A
  • Repeated exposure to the content of the obsession while preventing the person from engaging in the compulsive behaviou
25
Q

Which trreatment of OCD does not work ?

A
  • thought supression (pink elephant example)
26
Q

What are the three steps which allways should be prestend regarding treatment ?

A
  1. Compassion = Need a rational understanding of the thoughts of the patient
  2. Focus on cognitive restruction = show the patient that risk is lower then to be thought (via pie chart
  3. Then work on behavioural modification (exposure or drugs)
27
Q

What are the DSM 5 criteria of hoarding behaviour ?

A
  • Difficulties given possessions away no matter what kind of value it has
  • no useful function of possession
  • The hoarding causes clinical distress or impairment in social functioning
28
Q

What are the 3 differnt kinds of hoarding / OCD ?

A
  • Good insight: Knows it is problematic
  • poor insight: know that it might not be normal
  • absent of insight: does not belief that it is problamatic
29
Q

What is the defintion of “thought action fusion” ?

A
  • OCD patients belief that their unpleasant, unacceptable thoughts can influence events in the world
  • > Overestimation of risk and responsibility !!
30
Q

What are the two different TAF ?

A
  • lilelihood phenomena

- Moral phenomena

31
Q

What is meant by likelihood phenomena ?

A
  • belief that having an unwanted, unacceptable intrusive thought increases the likelihood that a specific adverse event will occur
32
Q

What is meant by moral TF ?

A
  • belief that having an unacceptable intrusive thought is almost equivalent of carrying out that particular act
33
Q

How is OCD and TAF related ?

A
  • TAF is neither necessary nor sufficient for the maintenance of obsessional problems
  • Moral TAF is connected to religiosity in undergraduates and depression
  • likelihood TAF is signifcantly related to OCD
34
Q

How is TAF liked to positive and negative thoughts ?

A
  • It is most unusual for OCD patients to believe that their positive thoughts will increase the likelihood of specific, positive outcomes
  • positive events will be created via avoiding
35
Q

In what other disorder does TAF occur besided OCD ?

A
  • Anxiety panic and eating disorder
36
Q

What does the mood input hypothesis explain ?

A
  • claims that people use current mood as information about whether they have successfully completely a task or not
37
Q

What is the differnce between normal and abnormal obsession ?

A
  • there is non besided that the abnormal obsession is
    1. more frequent
    2. longer duration
    3. higher intensity
    4. belief of dealing with higher consequences
38
Q

Why do two people with similar content of an obsession differ regarding normal and abnormal obsession ?

A
  • because they have differnt threshold
39
Q

What are the similarities between nomal and abnormal obsession ?

A
  1. same content

2. same expression of mood

40
Q

Why do we need a maximizing/instinct exposure therapy ?

A
  • Because the CS US relation is never gone it is just inhibted
  • It gets replaced by another relation
41
Q

What are the components of maximizing exposure therapy ?

A
  • expectancy violation
  • Deepend extinction
  • occasional reinforcmend
  • removal of safety signals
  • variabillity
  • affect labeling
  • multiple context
  • retrieval cues / reconsolidation
  • attentional focus
42
Q

What is meant by expectancy violation ?

A
  • The more the expectancy can be violated by experience, the greater the inhibitory learning
43
Q

What is meant by deepend distinction ?

A
  • use multiple CS to pair with US and add them up !

- So step by step adding cues

44
Q

What is meant by occasional reinforced extinction ?

A
  • Sometimes reactive the old CS and US link to see how patient reacts
45
Q

What is meant by removal of safety signals ?

A
  • removal of “safety signals” or “safety behaviors
46
Q

What is meant by variability ?

A
  • use different timing periods
  • also use different cues
  • and use different fear lvls
47
Q

What is meant by affect labeling ?

A
  • clarify ur fear
48
Q

What is meant by multiple content ?

A
  • mix up differnt situation regarding content
49
Q

What is meant by reconsolidation?

A
  • may be possible to change memories during the reconsolidation time frame upon retrieval
50
Q

What is meant by attentional factor ?

A
  • maintain attention on US
51
Q

What kind of treatment should childreen gain regarding OCD ?

A
  • They should allways gain CBT treatment instead of using SSRI
  • only exception by sever symptoms = then combination of both
52
Q

What is the correlation between OCD and memory ?

A
  • Metamemory declines in OCD patients
  • memory accuracy will not be affected (by either relevant or unrelevant checking)
  • Memory confidence, vividness and detail will be decreased by relevant checking
53
Q

What is meant by metamemory ?

A
  • memory about your memory (knowledge and awareness about your own memory

Psychoptahology (10 decks)

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