Tagnawa and Sirmata BSWR (Anatomy-Histology) Flashcards
This structure is highly vulnerable in surgical manipulation of the ductus arteriosus
a. Esophagus
b. Left vagus nerve
c. Left bronchus
d. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Patent Ductus Arteriosus is the failure of ductus arteriosus to close and become “ligamentum arteriosum”. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from the left vagus trunk as the nerve crosses the arch of the aorta. It hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum and ascends in the groove between the trachea and the esophagus on the left side
From which of the following sites is primary cancer most likely to metastasize to the lung by venous spread?
a. Ileum
b. Kidney
c. Appendix
d. Transverse colon
b. Kidney
Hematogenous spread: seen in tumors with venous drainage into lungs, (e.g.,head and neck, thyroid, adrenals, kidneys, testes, melanoma and osteosarcoma)
Simple cuboidal epithelium is usually found in:
a. Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
b. Descending limb of loop of Henle
c. Tunica intima of aorta
d. Single layer on the free surface of the ovary
d. Single layer on the free surface of the ovary
● Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule: simple squamous epithelium
● Descending limb of loop of Henle: simple squamous epithelium
● Tunica intima of aorta: simple squamous epithelium
● Single layer on the free surface of the ovary: simple cuboidal epithelium
Postoperative hoarseness after thyroidectomy results if one of the recurrent nerves is accidentally cut while ligating which of the following vessels?
a. Superior thyroid artery
b. Thyroid vein
c. Inferior thyroid artery
d. Middle thyroid artery
c. Inferior thyroid artery
Pressure developing deep to the flexor retinaculum would affect each of the following EXCEPT:
a. Median nerve
b. Ulnar nerve
c. Tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
d. Tendons of the flexor pollicis longus muscle
b. Ulnar nerve
The opening into the lesser sac is through the:
a. Foramen of Bochdalek
b. Foramen of Winslow
c. Foramen of Morgagni
d. Foramen transversarium
b. Foramen of Winslow
Following tonsillectomy, a patient noted loss of general sensation and taste from the posterior one third of the tongue. It could be assumed that the injured nerve was a branch of the;
a. Glossopharyngeal nerve
b. Facial nerve
c. Lingual nerve
d. Hypoglossal nerve
a. Glossopharyngeal nerve
Sustained tension of the vocal cords is best achieved through the action of which one of the following muscles:
a. Cricothyroid
b. Aryepiglottic
c. Salpingopharyngeus
d. Posterior Cricoarytenoid
a. Cricothyroid
The following muscles can flex the forearm EXCEPT
a. Brachioradialis
b. Pronator teres
c. Brachialis
d. Anconeus
d. Anconeus
Which of the following structures is NOT lined with simple squamous epithelium?
a. Pleural cavity
b. Parietal layer of the glomerular capsule
c. Pigmented epithelium of the retina
d. Endothelial lining of the blood vessels
c. Pigmented epithelium of the retina
Which of the following is the most common form of hernia?
a. Indirect inguinal
b. Umbilical
c. Femoral
d. Direct inguinal
a. Indirect inguinal
A man injures his wrist on broken glass. Which of the following structures entering the palm superficial to the flexor retinaculum may be damaged?
a. Ulnar nerve and median nerve
b. Median nerve and flexor digitorum profundus
c. Median nerve and flexor pollicis longus
d. Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve
e. Ulnar nerve and flexor digitorum superficialis
d. Ulnar artery and ulnar nerve
Which of the following is the function of the megakaryocyte?
a. Erythropoiesis
b. Bone resorption
c. Thrombopoiesis
d. Phagocytosis
c. Thrombopoiesis
What specific nerves supply the sino-atrial and atrioventricular nodes?
a. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve
b. Parasympathetic nerves
c. Cardiac plexus
d. Phrenic nerves
b. Parasympathetic nerves
What cells in the adrenal gland secrete catecholamines?
a. Transitional cells
b. Stromal cells of Medulla
c. Chromaffin cells
d. Juxtaglomerular cells
c. Chromaffin cells
Which cells has “clock face” chromaffin distribution and eccentric nucleus
a. Monocytes
b. Plasma cells
c. Macrophages
d. Dendritic cells
b. Plasma cells
A patient is admitted from the emergency department following a large-volume hematemesis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is performed, which identifies a posteriorly positioned duodenal ulcer that is actively bleeding. The vessel responsible is:
a. Gastroduodenal artery
b. Right gastroepiploic artery
c. Right gastric artery
d. Left gastric artery
a. Gastroduodenal artery
What are the tassel-like bundles of capillaries that penetrate deep into the medulla?
a. Nephron
b. Medullary arterioles
c. Vasa recta
d. Renal corpuscles
e. None of the above
c. Vasa recta
Which structure is oval in shape and lies above and behind the promontory of the middle ear?
a. Lateral process of the malleolus
b. Stapes
c. Fenestra cochlea
d. Fenestra vestibuli
d. Fenestra vestibuli
Which endocrine gland has the most variable anatomy?
a. Pituitary
b. Parathyroid gland
c. Adrenals
d. Thyroid gland
b. Parathyroid gland
According to Couinaud, the following segments are found in the right lobe
a. Caudate
b. Quadrate
c. III and IV
d. VI and VII
d. VI and VII
Damage to which of the following nerves can result to “wrist drop”
a. Ulnar
b. Axillary
c. Radial
d. Median
c. Radial
The hypothenar eminence is formed by the following muscles EXCEPT:
a. Abductor digiti minimi
b. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
c. Abductor pollicis
d. Opponens digiti minimi
c. Abductor pollicis
Which muscle of the face will the dermatologist inject to improve her smile?
a. Depressor anguli oris
b. Mentalis
c. Orbicularis oris
d. Temporalis
e. Zygomaticus major
c. Orbicularis oris
Which organ appears at 5 weeks of gestation as an outpouching of the endodermal lining of the duodenum just distal to the forming stomach?
a. Spleen
b. Thymus
c. Pancreas
d. Liver
c. Pancreas
What is the other name of the greater vestibular glands of the vagina?
a. Skene Glands
b. Coper’s Gland
c. Bulbourethral Glands
d. Bartholin’s Gland
d. Bartholin’s Gland
Coronary occlusion most commonly occurs in which area?
a. Left (obtuse) marginal artery
b. Left circumflex coronary artery
c. Right marginal artery
d. Left anterior descending artery
d. Left anterior descending artery
A femoral hernia has the following characteristics EXCEPT which?
a. Its neck is related immediately laterally to the femoral artery.
b. It descends through the femoral canal.
c. Its neck is related medially to the sharp edge of the lacunar ligament.
d. The swelling occurs below and lateral to the pubic tubercle.
a. Its neck is related immediately laterally to the femoral artery.
What is the characteristic feature of the Reed-Sternberg cell seen in Hodgkin lymphoma?
a. Highly chromatic nucleus
b. Stippling in the cytoplasm
c. Bilobed with two halves as mirror images
d. Blurred cell membrane
c. Bilobed with two halves as mirror images
Which type of collagen is most widely distributed in the body?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
a. I
The T-cell that is affected in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?
a. T helper cells
b. Cytotoxic T cells
c. Suppressor T cells
d. Memory cells
a. T helper cells
We appreciate a vibrating tuning fork because we have this encapsulated receptor called
a. Merkel’s disc
b. Pacinian corpuscles
c. Meissner corpuscles
d. Hair follicle
e. Ruffini’s corpuscles
b. Pacinian corpuscles
The next pacemaker of the heart if the sinoatrial node is defective:
a. Atrioventricular node
b. Atrioventricular bundle
c. Bundle branches
d. Purkinje fibers
a. Atrioventricular node
40/F, known case of APAS, presents with dyspnea and chest pain. PE shows jugular venous distension. R heart catheterization shows a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 30mmHg and PCWP of 10mmHg. Further evaluation will likely reveal which of the following?
a. Dilation of the coronary sinus
b. Decreased left ventricular contractility
c. Mitral valve leaflet thickening
d. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages
c. Mitral valve leaflet thickening
70/M presents with dysphagia and weight loss. EGD shows a mass in the distal third of the esophagus which later revealed to be an adenocarcinoma. During surgical resection, you damage a structure that passes through the diaphragm along with the esophagus at the level T10. Which of the following structures was most likely damaged?
a. Vagus nerve
b. Aorta
c. Right phrenic nerve
d. Azygos vein
a. Vagus nerve
80/M presents with abdominal pain. PE shows guarding and diffuse rebound tenderness. CT of the abdomen shows an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm that extends up to the level of L4 vertebra with a partial filling defect in the anterior wall of the aneurysm. Which bowel region is at greatest risk of requiring a resection?
a. Splenic flexure, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
b. Hepatic flexure, transverse colon and splenic flexure
c. Cecum, ileum and distal jejunum
d. Ascending colon, cecum and distal ileum
b. Hepatic flexure, transverse colon and splenic flexure
48/F presents with fatigue and abdominal distension. She drinks 7 beers daily. PE shows pallor, scleral icterus, fluid wave, and shifting dullness. The intravascular pressure in which of the following vessels is most likely to be increased?
a. Short gastric vein
b. Splenic artery
c. Inferior gastric vein
d. Azygos vein
a. Short gastric vein
Case of periorbital swelling. History of pimple popping in the nose. What is the sinus affected?
a. Cavernous
b. Inferior sagittal
c. Superior sagittal
d. Petrosal
e. Transverse
a. Cavernous
On a dermatomal SE, a SCI patient loss all sensation intersecting at MCL and the horizontal of xiphoid process. The most likely SC segment site of injury is
a. T4
b. T5
c. T6
d. T7
c. T6
40/F presents with chronic dyspnea and palpitations. Past medical history is significant for recurrent joint pain and fever during childhood. PE shows opening snap followed by late diastolic rumble best heard at the 5th ICS MCL. She is at greatest risk for compression of which structure?
a. Thoracic duct
b. Vagus nerve
c. Hemiazygos vein
d. Esophagus
d. Esophagus
47/M presents with right hip pain and numbness of the right thigh after a vehicular accident. PE shows decreased sensation over a small area of the right medial thigh. Pelvic x-ray shows a displaced pelvic ring fracture. Further evaluation will most likely show?
a. Impaired hip extension
b. Impaired extension of the knee
c. Absent cremasteric reflex
d. Impaired adduction of the hip
d. Impaired adduction of the hip
A general surgeon was giving a lecture to a team of surgery residents. She explains the characteristics of the structures above the pectinate line of the anal canal which includes?
a. Stratified squamous epithelium
b. Venous drainage into the caval system
c. Lymphatic drainage into the superficial inguinal nodes
d. Visceral sensory innervation
d. Visceral sensory innervation
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the embryonic mesoderm?
a. Reticular tissue
b. Blood
c. Peritoneum
d. Urethra
d. Urethra
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding mammary glands?
a. They secrete their product through exocytosis
b. They secrete their product through complete cell destruction
c. They secrete their product through the loss of membrane-enclosed apical cytoplasm
d. They secrete their product directly into blood and lymph
a. They secrete their product through exocytosis
The superior orbital fissure transmit which of the following structure?
a. Lower division of the oculomotor nerve
b. Superior orbital nerve
c. Inferior orbital nerve
d. Zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve
a. Lower division of the oculomotor nerve
The third embryonic aortic arch gives rise to which of the following structures?
a. Hyoid artery
b. Internal carotid artery
c. Maxillary artery
d. Stapedial artery
b. Internal carotid artery