Agsa Pharma 2nd SEM FINALS Flashcards
What is the primary physiological role of vasopressin?
a. Regulation of blood glucose levels
b. Stimulation of uterine contractions during labor
c. Control of blood pressure and water balance
d. Promotion of bone growth
c. Control of blood pressure and water balance
In this phase of clinical trial, the drug is studied in patients with the target disease to determine its efficacy (“proof of concept”), and the doses to be used in any follow-on trials. A modest number of patients (100–200) are studied in detail.
a. Phase 1
b. Phase 2
c. Phase 3
d. Phase 4
b. Phase 2
Sam had been taking prednisone for his ulcerative colitis but failed to take it for the last week. He suddenly had symptoms of lightheadedness or dizziness, weakness, sweating, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. This drug should be given
a. Prednisone
b. Fludrocortisone
c. Mifepristone
d. Spironolactone
b. Fludrocortisone
A 14-year-old boy who has diabetes and is insulin dependent is brought to the emergency department after collapsing at a baseball game. His blood sugar is 463 mg/dL by finger stick. Which of the following routes of administration would be most efficacious for medications to bring the blood sugar down?
a. Intramuscular
b. Intravenous
c. Oral
d. Subcutaneous
b. Intravenous
Antifungal of choice for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis?
a. Voriconazole
b. Nitroimidazole
c. Fluconazole
d. Itraconazole
c. Fluconazole
Poisoning from this organic compound is now very rare, in large part because of the worldwide phase-out as antiknock additives in gasoline. This heavy metal is readily absorbed through the skin and lungs and the primary signs of intoxication include hallucinations, headache, irritability, convulsions and coma. Treatment consists of decontamination and seizure control.
a. Lead
b. Arsenic
c. Mercury
d. Iron
a. Lead
The following statements are TRUE regarding bactericidal antibiotics EXCEPT:
a. MBC > MIC
b. It is effective in infections when host defenses are poor
c. It requires host defense mechanism
d. It causes bacterial death
c. It requires host defense mechanism
Osmotic laxatives, such as lactulose exert their therapeutic effects by:
a. Stimulating peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract
b. Softening stool consistency
c. Increasing water content in the stool
d. Inhibiting water absorption in the colon
c. Increasing water content in the stool
The triad of cinchonism, hypoglycemia and hypotension are adverse effects attributed to?
a. Quinine
b. Mefloquine
c. Chloroquine
d. Primaquine
a. Quinine
Which of the following drug classes act on cell microtubules?
a. Platinum analogs
b. Alkylating agents
c. Taxanes
d. Anthracyclines
c. Taxanes
Which of the following drugs may cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome as its adverse effect?
a. Mitomycin and Gemcitabine
b. Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel
c. Sunitinib and Dacarbazine
d. Cytarabine and 5-fluorouracil
a. Mitomycin and Gemcitabine
Which antithyroid drug has a black box warning of causing severe hepatitis sometimes even resulting to death?
a. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
b. Methimazole
c. Radioactive iodine
d. Levothyroxine
a. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Which of the following laxatives works by increasing bulk and water content in the stool, thereby promoting bowel movements?
a. Bisacodyl
b. Docusate sodium
c. Polyethylene glycol
d. Psyllium
d. Psyllium
This environmental pollutant has been widely used in manufacturing and building. All forms have been shown to cause progressive fibrotic lung disease, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
a. Asbestos
b. Dioxins
c. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
d. Manganese
a. Asbestos
Which of the following drugs is NOT typically included in the four-drug regimen for the eradication of H. pylori infection?
a. Tetracycline
b. Bismuth subsalicylate
c. Metronidazole
d. Famotidine
d. Famotidine
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two main disorders, namely:
a. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
b. Peptic ulcer disease and diverticulitis
c. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
d. Gastroparesis and celiac disease
a. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Luke has elevated blood pressure of 160/100 for the past 3 weeks. Which of the following when elevated contributes to his blood pressure
a. Aldosterone
b. Prednisone
c. Dexamethasone
d. Fludrocortisone
a. Aldosterone
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by:
a. Excessive length of the small intestine
b. Insufficient length of the small intestine
c. Malformation of the large intestine
d. Inflammation of the colon
b. Insufficient length of the small intestine
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
a. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors
b. Inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells
c. Suppression of basal and stimulated acid secretion
d. Irreversible inhibition of the final step of acid secretion
a. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of thionamide antithyroid drugs?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hepatotoxicity
d. Hypokalemia
c. Hepatotoxicity
P.K. a 60-year-old immunocompromised male is diagnosed and confirmed with Clostridium difficile colitis. Which of these drugs would best treat his condition?
a. IV Fidaxomycin
b. Oral Rifaximin
c. Oral Metronidazole
d. IV Vancomycin
c. Oral Metronidazole
Which antithyroid drug is preferred during the first trimester of pregnancy due to its lower risk of causing fetal hypothyroidism?
a. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
b. Methimazole
c. Radioactive iodine
d. Levothyroxine
a. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Sam is 32 year old smoker, sp kidney transplant and heart failure on oral contraceptives, prednisone and aldosterone . After a long flight from the United States she suddenly had difficulty of breathing. She was rushed to the emergency room. Spo2 was 88%, HR 122, normal cardiac exam, clear breath sounds. Her condition was likely due to
a. Aldosterone
b. Oral contraceptives
c. Prednisone
d. Spironolactone
b. Oral contraceptives
Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease?
a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
b. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
c. Antacids
d. H2-receptor antagonists
a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort associated with:
a. Fever and chills
b. Blood in stool
c. Changes in bowel habits
d. Jaundice
c. Changes in bowel habits
Which of the following conditions is not typically treated with octreotide?
a. Carcinoid syndrome
b. Diabetic retinopathy
c. Gastric varices
d. VIPoma
c. Gastric varices
b. Diabetic retinopathy - answer key ni Doc
A 50 year old asthmatic consulted at the ER due to difficulty of breathing. PE: 90% O2 sat Bilateral expiratory wheeze. Supplementary oxygen, nebulization with salbutamol and ipratropium and IV hydrocortisone given. Which of the following is an effect of the glucocorticoid?
a. Inhibit gluconeogenesis
b. Stimulate lipolysis
c. Bone growth
d. Stimulate cell mediated immunologic functions
b. Stimulate lipolysis
Which of the following antifungal agents is most likely to cause renal insufficiency?
a. Amphotericin B Cholesteryl Sulfate
b. Amphotericin B Lipid Complex
c. Colloidal Amphotericin B
d. Liposomal Amphotericin B
c. Colloidal Amphotericin B
5-fluorouracil is metabolized by which enzyme?
a. Xanthine oxidase
b. Thymidine phosphorylase
c. Thiopurine methyltransferase
d. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
d. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
What is the main mechanism of action of propylthiouracil (PTU) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
a. Inhibits the peripheral deiodination of T4 and T3
b. Destruction of thyroid follicular cells
c. Blocking of thyroid hormone receptors
d. Stimulation of thyroid hormone release
a. Inhibits the peripheral deiodination of T4 and T3
The primary regulator of spermatogenesis in men?
a. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
b. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
c. Testosterone
d. Leydig cells
a. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which antithyroid drug is preferred for long-term use in patients with hyperthyroidism due to its lower risk of causing hepatotoxicity?
a. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
b. Methimazole
c. Radioactive iodine
d. Levothyroxine
b. Methimazole
Andrea’s uncle had kidney transplant 15 years ago which of the following is responsible for him developing diabetes, muscle wasting, and osteoporosis
a. Aldosterone
b. Prednisone
c. Progesterone
d. Testosterone
b. Prednisone
This drug is the parenteral chelator of choice for iron intoxication and in treatment of iron overload caused by blood transfusions in patients with diseases such as thalassemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.
a. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
b. Penicillamine
c. Dimercaprol
d. Deferoxamine
e. Succimer
d. Deferoxamine
a. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - answer key ni Doc, mali sya
The antithyroid drug of choice for children and adults?
a. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
b. Methimazole
c. Radioactive iodine
d. Levothyroxine
b. Methimazole
These agents once found wide use as industrial solvents, degreasing agents, and cleaning agents. The acute effects of excessive exposure are nausea, vertigo, locomotor disturbances, headache and coma. Chronic exposure leads to hepatic dysfunction and nephrotoxicity.
a. Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
b. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
c. Toluene
d. Xylene
a. Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons