Agsa Pharma 2nd SEM MIDTERMS Flashcards
Which of the following drugs causes bradycardia if taken in high doses?
a. Amlodipine
b. Isosorbide dinitrate
c. Nitroglycerin
d. Verapamil
d. Verapamil
Drugs for maintenance therapy of chronic stable angina
a. Beta Blocker
b. Calcium Channel Blocker
c. Long-Acting Nitrate
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Certain drugs can cause severe hypotension when combined with nitrates. Which of the following interacts with a nitrate by inhibiting the metabolism of cGMP?
A. Atenolol
B. Nifedipine
C. Ranolazine
D. Sildenafil
D. Sildenafil
Potential deleterious effects of nitrates in the treatment of angina:
A. Decrease ventricular volume
B. Vasodilation of epicardial coronary arteries
C. Reflex increase in contractility
D. Decrease left ventricular diastolic pressure
C. Reflex increase in contractility
Determinants of Coronary blood flow
A. Duration of diastole
B. Coronary vascular resistance
C. Intact endothelium
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
An adverse effect that nitroglycerin and prazosin have in common is:
a. Weight gain
b. Bradycardia
c. Orthostatic hypotension
d. Lupus erythematosus syndrome
c. Orthostatic hypotension
Class 1C antiarrhythmic drug and also classified as IVB in the new classification.
a. Flecainide
b. Propafenone
c. Sotalol
d. A and B
d. A and B
These diuretics act in the collecting tubule to inhibit Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion.
a. Loop diuretic
b. Thiazide
c. Aldosterone antagonist
d. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
c. Aldosterone antagonist
It has the greatest diuretic effect, producing the most copious amounts of urine
a. Loop diuretic
b. Thiazide
c. Aldosterone antagonist
d. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
a. Loop diuretic
According to the ACC/AHA Stages of heart failure, this stage is when a patient has evidence of structural heart disease WITHOUT current or previous symptoms or signs of heart failure
a. Stage A
b. Stage B
c. Stage C
d. Stage D
b. Stage B
Therapeutic strategies in Systolic Heart Failure EXCEPT:
a. Fluid limitation (less than 1.5 to 2L daily)
b. Low dietary intake of sodium
c. Nondihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker
d. ACE inhibitor
c. Nondihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker
Therapeutic use of ACE INHIBITORS :
a. Asymptomatic and symptomatic HFrEF
b. All stages of left ventricular failure
c. Treatment of hypertension
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
It is mainly a drug for Diabetes Mellitus and is recommended by the AHA for patients with symptomatic chronic HFrEF to reduce hospitalization for HF and cardiovascular mortality, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes:
a. ACE inhibitor
b. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor
c. Beta-blocker
d. Aldosterone antagonist
b. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor
Traditional drugs for angina pectoris EXCEPT:
a. Nitrates
b. Calcium channel blockers
c. Beta blockers
d. Inotropic drugs
d. Inotropic drugs
Rapid onset, short acting nitrate formulations
a. Nitroglycerin Sublingual
b. Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) Sublingual
c. Transdermal Nitroglycerine
d. A and B only
d. A and B only
Nonselective betablocker used in the prophylaxis of angina
a. Metoprolol
b. Nebivolol
c. Propranolol
d. Atenolol
c. Propranolol
Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used for angina pectoris
a. Amlodipine
b. Verapamil
c. Nicardipine
d. Nifedipine
b. Verapamil
A lipoprotein with with B-48 protein (apo B-48) major sequale is :
a. Acute pancreatitis
b. Acute cholecystitis
c. Acute ischemic stroke
d. Aciyte myocardial infarction
a. Acute pancreatitis
A 60 year old male has elevated LDL. Its apolipoprotein is synthesized in the
a. Liver
b. Intestine
c. Pancreas
d. Gallbladder
a. Liver
This lipoprotein is associated with aortic stenosis
a. Lp(a)
b. LDL
c. VLDL
d. Chylomicrons
a. Lp(a)
Structural analogs of HMG-CoA that competitively inhibit the enzyme.
a. Rosuvastatin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Niacin
a. Rosuvastatin
A 64 year old male is diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Which of the following drugs is clinically indicated to reduce risk of coronary events and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease
a. Rosuvastatin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Niacin
a. Rosuvastatin
A 64 year old male was diagnosed with coronary artery disease. He was started on a lipid lowering drug. After 2 days he had severe calf muscle pain, elevated creatine kinase and diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis. He was probably given which drug?
a. Rosuvastatin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Niacin
a. Rosuvastatin
A 36 year old male was diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and had severe pruritus due to bile duct obstruction. Which is the most appropriate drug to initiate?
a. Rosuvastatin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Cholestyramine
d. Cholestyramine
A 36 year old male was diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. He was given lipid lowering agent and after 1 week he complains of bloating, constipation, and an unpleasant gritty taste. What drug causes this toxicity?
a. Rosuvastatin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Cholestyramine
d. Cholestyramine
Ezetimibe when combined with HMG CoA reductase inhibitor is more effective in lowering LDL. Which toxicity should be monitored?
a. Kidney failure
b. Hepatotoxity
c. Dermal vascular necrosis
d. Cutaneous flushing
b. Hepatotoxity
Which of the lipid lowering drugs decreases circulating fibrinogen and increases tissue plasminogen activator.
a. Niacin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Cholestyramine
a. Niacin
A 66 year old male was diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke hypercholesterolemia. He was given lipid lowering agent and after 1 day he developed cutaneous flushing.. What drug causes this toxicity?
a. Niacin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Rosuvastatin
a. Niacin
A 66 year old male was diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke hypercholesterolemia. He was given lipid lowering agent and after 1 day he developed cutaneous flushing. To prevent this toxicity pretreatment with ____ reduces the intensity
a. Aspirin
b. Ezetimibe
c. Paracetamol
d. Cetirizine
a. Aspirin
A 36 year old male was diagnosed with hypertriglyceridemia and cholelithiasis. Which drug must be used in caution?
a. Niacin
b. Fenofibrate
c. Ezetimibe
d. Rosuvastatin
b. Fenofibrate
A patient presents with symptoms of severe allergic reaction, including hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face and throat. Which of the following medications is the most appropriate immediate treatment option to counteract these symptoms by blocking histamine receptors and preventing further allergic response?
a. Serotonin receptor antagonist
b. Ergot alkaloid
c. Histamine H1 receptor antagonist
d. Eicosanoid synthesis inhibitor
c. Histamine H1 receptor antagonist
Which of the following best describes the pulmonary pharmacology associated with HISTAMINE?
a. Histamine primarily induces bronchoconstriction by activating H1 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle.
b. Histamine mainly induces bronchoconstriction via activation of H2 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle.
c. Histamine mediates bronchoconstriction primarily through activation of H3 receptors in the bronchial epithelium.
d. Histamine primarily causes bronchodilation through stimulation of H1 receptors in the lungs.
a. Histamine primarily induces bronchoconstriction by activating H1 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle.
Select the option that differs from the others in terms of its classification as a FIRST-GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINE.
a. Hydroxyzine
b. Cetirizine
c. Promethazine
d. Meclizine
b. Cetirizine
Which of the following statements about H1 receptor antagonists is CORRECT?
a. They primarily act on the central nervous system to induce sedation.
b. They are primarily used to treat peptic ulcers by reducing gastric acid secretion.
c. They have minimal effect on allergic reactions.
d. They are commonly used to relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
d. They are commonly used to relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the synthesis of SEROTONIN?
a. Tryptophan hydroxylase
b. Tyrosine hydroxylase
c. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
d. Monoamine oxidase
a. Tryptophan hydroxylase
Which of the following statements about serotonin is TRUE?
a. Serotonin is primarily produced in the adrenal glands.
b. Serotonin is solely responsible for regulating sleep patterns.
c. Serotonin is exclusively found in the central nervous system.
d. Serotonin plays a role in regulating mood, appetite, and digestion.
d. Serotonin plays a role in regulating mood, appetite, and digestion.