Agsa Pharma 1st SEM FINALS Flashcards
Clinical Situation I: 1-5. A 40-year-old patient is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, experiencing generalized muscle weakness and fatigue. The physician is considering pharmacological interventions to enhance neuromuscular transmission.
What class of drugs is most suitable for managing the symptoms of myasthenia gravis in this patient?
a. Cholinergic activating drugs
b. Antipsychotics
c. Antidepressants
d. Beta-blockers
a. Cholinergic activating drugs
What is the primary mechanism of action of cholinergic activating drugs in myasthenia gravis?
a. Stimulate acetylcholine release
b. Block cholinergic receptors
c. Inhibit acetylcholine breakdown
d. Prolong acetylcholine action
c. Inhibit acetylcholine breakdown
a. Stimulate acetylcholine release - answer key ni doc
What neurotransmitter is affected by cholinoceptor-blocking drugs?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Acetylcholine
c. Serotonin
d. Dopamine
b. Acetylcholine
Which condition is commonly treated with cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs?
a. Hypertension
b. Myasthenia gravis
c. Allergic rhinitis
d. Migraine
b. Myasthenia gravis
Cholinergic activating drugs primarily act on:
a. Sympathetic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic nervous system
c. Central nervous system
d. Peripheral nervous system
b. Parasympathetic nervous system
The patient’s symptoms, such as palpitations and sweating, suggest an overactivity of the:
a. Sympathetic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic nervous system
c. Central nervous system
d. Endocrine system
a. Sympathetic nervous system
Which class of autonomic drugs is commonly used to modulate sympathetic activity in anxiety disorders?
a. Benzodiazepines
b. Anticholinergic drugs
c. Alpha-agonists
d. Centrally acting sympatholytics
a. Benzodiazepines
c. Alpha-agonists - answer key ni doc
Beta-blockers are effective in reducing anxiety symptoms by blocking the action of:
a. Serotonin
b. Norepinephrine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Dopamine
b. Norepinephrine
Are beta-blockers typically associated with an increase or decrease in heart rate?
a. Increase in heart rate
b. Decrease in heart rate
c. No effect on heart rate
d. Variable effects on heart rate
b. Decrease in heart rate
Clonidine, an alpha-agonist, primarily acts by:
a. Increasing norepinephrine release
b. Decreasing norepinephrine release
c. Blocking norepinephrine receptors
d. Enhancing GABA activity
b. Decreasing norepinephrine release
What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenoceptor agonists?
a. Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system
b. Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
c. Blockade of adrenergic receptors
d. Inhibition of parasympathetic nervous system
b. Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is a common adrenoceptor agonist used in hypertensive emergencies?
a. Propranolol
b. Clonidine
c. Atenolol
d. Metoprolol
b. Clonidine
Sympathomimetic drugs mimic the action of which neurotransmitter?
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. Serotonin
d. Norepinephrine
d. Norepinephrine
A patient with a hypertensive crisis is administered a sympathomimetic drug. What physiological effect would be expected?
a. Decreased heart rate
b. Vasodilation
c. Increased blood pressure
d. Bronchoconstriction
c. Increased blood pressure
A patient is prescribed an adrenoceptor antagonist for hypertension. What side effect should be monitored closely?
a. Bradycardia
b. Tachycardia
c. Hypertension
d. Bronchodilation
a. Bradycardia
Which adrenoceptor is predominantly targeted by sympathomimetic drugs to increase heart rate and contractility?
a. Alpha-1
b. Beta-1
c. Alpha-2
d. Beta-2
b. Beta-1
Clonidine, a centrally acting antihypertensive, primarily stimulates:
a. Alpha receptors
b. Beta receptors
c. Dopamine receptors
d. Alpha-2 receptors
d. Alpha-2 receptors
Which adrenoceptor is predominantly targeted by sympathomimetic drugs to increase heart rate and contractility?
a. Alpha-1
b. Beta-1
c. Alpha-2
d. Beta-2
b. Beta-1
Which sympathomimetic drug is commonly used as a bronchodilator in respiratory conditions?
a. Epinephrine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Isoproterenol
d. Phenylephrine
c. Isoproterenol
The primary use of beta-blockers (beta-adrenoceptor antagonists) includes:
a. Increasing heart rate
b. Lowering blood pressure
c. Stimulating the sympathetic nervous system
d. Enhancing bronchoconstriction
b. Lowering blood pressure
Which of the following drugs is a non-selective beta-blocker?
a. Atenolol
b. Metoprolol
c. Propranolol
d. Carvedilol
d. Carvedilol
An adverse effect associated with beta-blocker use is;
a. Hypertension
b. Bradycardia
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Vasodilation
b. Bradycardia
The primary therapeutic effect of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists includes:
a. Decreasing heart rate
b. Vasodilation
c. Increasing blood pressure
d. Enhancing bronchoconstriction
b. Vasodilation
Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists are often prescribed for the treatment of:
a. Hypertension
b. Asthma
c. Bradycardia
d. Hyperthyroidism
b. Asthma
What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists?
a. Vasodilation
b. Bronchodilation
c. Bradycardia
d. Increased contractility
b. Bronchodilation
A patient with a history of bronchial asthma is prescribed a beta-blocker. What potential complication should be considered?
a. Hypertension
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Tachycardia
d. Vasodilation
b. Bronchoconstriction
Which adrenoceptor agonist is commonly used to treat anaphylaxis due to its bronchodilator and vasopressor effects?
a. Albuterol
b. Epinephrine
c. Isoproterenol
d. Phenylephrine
b. Epinephrine
The main therapeutic effect of sympathomimetic drugs like dobutamine is:
a. Vasodilation
b. Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
c. Negative inotropic and chronotropic effects
d. Beta-blockade
a. Vasodilation
Which of the following adrenoceptor agonists is commonly used to treat nasal congestion?
a. Clonidine
b. Phenylephrine
c. Dobutamine
d. Isoproterenol
b. Phenylephrine
The primary effect of epinephrine on the cardiovascular system is:
a. Decreased heart rate
b. Increased blood pressure
c. Vasodilation
d. Negative inotropic effect
b. Increased blood pressure
The primary indication for the use of isoproterenol is:
a. Bradycardia
b. Hypertension
c. Asthma
d. Heart block
c. Asthma
What is the primary neurotransmitter associated with migraines? *
a. Acetylcholine
b. Dopamine
c. Serotonin
d. Histamine
c. Serotonin
In the context of migraines, which receptor subtype is targeted by triptans?
a. Serotonin 1A
b. Serotonin 1B/1D
c. Serotonin 2A
d. Serotonin 3
b. Serotonin 1B/1D
Ergot alkaloids are used to treat migraines by:
a. Inhibiting serotonin release
b. Stimulating histamine receptors
c. Causing vasoconstriction
d. Enhancing dopamine production
c. Causing vasoconstriction
Histamine is most commonly associated with which allergic response?
a. Type I hypersensitivity
b. Type II hypersensitivity
c. Type III hypersensitivity
d. Type IV hypersensitivity
a. Type I hypersensitivity
Serotonin is derived from which amino acid?
a. Tryptophan
b. Tyrosine
c. Phenylalanine
d. Histidine
a. Tryptophan
The condition characterized by excessive serotonin levels, leading to symptoms such as hyperthermia, agitation, and altered mental status, isknown as:
a. Serotonin reuptake disorder
b. Serotonin deficiency syndrome
c. Serotonin syndrome
d. Serotonin desensitization
c. Serotonin syndrome
Histamine is released from which cells during an allergic response?
a. T lymphocytes
b. B lymphocytes
c. Mast cells
d. Monocytes
c. Mast cells
The primary function of histamine in the stomach is to:
a. Stimulate acid secretion
b. Inhibit acid secretion
c. Regulate blood flow
d. Enhance mucus production
a. Stimulate acid secretion
The 5-HT3 receptor subtype is associated with which physiological process?
a. Vasoconstriction
b. Nausea and vomiting
c. Smooth muscle contraction
d. Platelet aggregation
b. Nausea and vomiting
Ergot alkaloids are sometimes used to manage postpartum hemorrhage due to their ability to:
a. Stimulate uterine contractions
b. Inhibit coagulation
c. Enhance clot formation
d. Decrease blood pressure
a. Stimulate uterine contractions
Which of the following vasoactive peptides is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction?
a. Bradykinin
b. Angiotensin II
c. Prostacyclin
d. Nitric oxide
b. Angiotensin II