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Biology 260 > Tables 4.2 & 4.3 > Flashcards

Tables 4.2 & 4.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis;

Location of photosystem

A

Plant, algae: thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts

Cyanobacteria: thylakoid membrane in the cytoplasm

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2
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis;

Type of Photosystem

A

Plant, algae
&
Cynobacteria:

Photosystem I & II

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3
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis;

Primary light harvesting pigment & accessory pigments

A

Plant, algae
&
Cynobacteria: Chlorophyll a

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4
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis;

Mechanism of generating reducing power

A

Plant, algae & Cynobacteria: Use light to split water, releasing electrons that go through Photosystems II and I to produce NADPH

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5
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis;

Source of electrons for reducing power

A

Plant, algae & Cynobacteria: electron donors are H2O

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6
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis;

CO2 fixation

A

Plant, algae & Cynobacteria: Calvin-Benson cycle

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7
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis;

Location of photosystem

A

Purple photosynthetic bacteria: membrane invagination

Green photosynthetic bacteria: chlorosomes on membrane

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8
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis;

Type of Photosystem

A

Purple photosynthetic bacteria: Photosystem II-like

Green photosynthetic bacteria: Photosystem I-like

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9
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis;

Primary light harvesting pigment & accessory pigments

A

Purple photosynthetic bacteria & Green photosynthetic bacteria: bacterial chlorophyll

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10
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis;
Mechanism of generating reducing power

A

Purple photosynthetic bacteria & Green photosynthetic bacteria: use light energy for ATP and use hydrogen sulfide or sulfur as electron sources to make NADPH

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11
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis;

Source of electrons for reducing power

A

Purple photosynthetic bacteria & Green photosynthetic bacteria: electron donors are H2S, H2, S, or organic molecules

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12
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis;

CO2 fixation

A

Purple photosynthetic bacteria: Calvin-Benson cycle

Green photosynthetic bacteria: Reverse TCA (Krebs cycle)

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13
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Streptococcol Pharyngitis (Strep throat)?

A

CA: Streptococcus pyogenes

AT: Bacterium (B)

MOT: respiratory (cough, sneeze)

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14
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Diphtheria?

A

CA: Corynebacterium diphtheriae

AT: Bacterium (B)

MOT: Respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects

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15
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Sinusitis & Otitis media?

A

CA: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis

AT: Bacterium (B)

MOT: Often follows a viral upper respiratory infection; not directly contagious

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16
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for the Common Cold?

A

CA: Primarily rhinoviruses, also coronaviruses and adenoviruses

AT: Virus (V)

MOT: Respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces

17
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Pneumococcal Pneumonia?

A

CA: Streptococcus pneumoniae

AT: Bacterium (B)

MOT: respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze)

18
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Primary Atypical Pneumonia (Walking pneumonia)?

A

CA: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

AT: Bacterium (B) lacks cell wall

MOT: Respiratory droplets, particularly in close quarters

19
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Klebsiella Pneumonia?

A

CA: Klebsiella pneumoniae

AT: Bacterium (B)

MOT: Respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces, common in healthcare settings

20
Q

What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Tuberculosis?

A

CA: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

AT: Bacterium (B)

MOT: Airborne respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing)

21
Q

Glycolysis:

A

PURPOSE: breakdown of glucose to pyruvate making ATP

LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): Cytoplasm

THEORETICAL ATP YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): 2 ATP

END PRODUCTS: 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 H20

22
Q

ETC (Oxidative Phosphorylation):

A

PURPOSE: ATP synthesis from NADH and FADH2 using a series of redox reactions and chemiosmosis

LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote)
Prokaryote: cell membrane
Eukaryote: inner mitochondrial membrane

THEORETICAL ATP
YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote)
Prokaryote: 34 ATP
Eukaryote: 32 ATP

END PRODUCTS: ATP, H2O, NAD+, FAD+ (per 2 electrons)

23
Q

TCA or Krebs Cycle:

A

PURPOSE: series of redox reactions using acetyl-CoA to yield NADH, FADH2, and ATP synthesis

LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote)
Prokaryote: cytoplasm
Eukaryote: matrix of mitochondria

THEORETICAL ATP
YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): 2 ATP

END PRODUCTS: 2 oxaloacetate, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, and 2 ATP per glucose

24
Q

Transition Step:

A

PURPOSE: synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate + Coenzyme A due to pyruvate oxidation

LOCATION IN CELL (prokaryote vs. eukaryote):
Prokaryotes: cytoplasm
Eukaryotes: cytoplasm cross into mitochondrial matrix

THEORETICAL ATP YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote):
Prokaryote: 0 ATP
Eukaryote: Net loss of 2 ATP due to crossing 2 membranes

END PRODUCTS: 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH per glucose

25
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation:

A

PURPOSE: reduce pyruvate to produce ATP via oxidizing NADH (w/o presence of O2)

LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): Cytoplasm

THEORETICAL ATP YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): 2 ATP (from glycolysis not fermentation process)

END PRODUCTS: 2 Lactic acid per glucose, 2 NAD+

26
Q

Alcohol Fermentation

A

PURPOSE: reduce pyruvate to produce ATP via oxidizing NADH (w/o presence of O2)

LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): Cytoplasm

THEORETICAL ATP YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): 2 ATP (from glycolysis)

END PRODUCTS: 2 Ethanol per glucose, 2 CO2, 2 NAD+ (recycled to glycolysis)

27
Q

TSI: All orange

A

Glucose fermented: NO
Lactose fermented: NO
Sulfur reduced: NO
Peptones deaminated: NO
Lac operon on or off: OFF

28
Q

TSI: All yellow

A/A

A

Glucose fermented: YES
Lactose fermented: YES
Sulfur reduced: NO
Peptones deaminated: NO
Lac operon on or off: ON

29
Q

TSI: Red slant, yellow butt

K/A

A

Glucose fermented: YES
Lactose fermented: NO
Sulfur reduced: NO
Peptones deaminated: YES
Lac operon on or off: OFF

30
Q

TSI: All red

K/K

A

Glucose fermented: NO
Lactose fermented: NO
Sulfur reduced: NO
Peptones deaminated: YES
Lac operon on or off: OFF

31
Q

TSI: Red slant, yellow butt, some black

A

Glucose fermented: YES
Lactose fermented: NO
Sulfur reduced: YES
Peptones deaminated: YES
Lac operon on or off: OFF

32
Q

TSI: Red slant, black butt

A

Glucose fermented: ? (can’t see if there is yellow on the bottom)
Lactose fermented: NO
Sulfur reduced: YES
Peptones deaminated: YES
Lac operon on or off: OFF

33
Q

TSI: All yellow, some black in the butt

A

Glucose fermented: YES
Lactose fermented: YES
Sulfur reduced: YES
Peptones deaminated: NO
Lac operon on or off: ON

Biology 260 (35 decks)

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