Tables 4.2 & 4.3 Flashcards
Oxygenic photosynthesis;
Location of photosystem
Plant, algae: thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts
Cyanobacteria: thylakoid membrane in the cytoplasm
Oxygenic photosynthesis;
Type of Photosystem
Plant, algae
&
Cynobacteria:
Photosystem I & II
Oxygenic photosynthesis;
Primary light harvesting pigment & accessory pigments
Plant, algae
&
Cynobacteria: Chlorophyll a
Oxygenic photosynthesis;
Mechanism of generating reducing power
Plant, algae & Cynobacteria: Use light to split water, releasing electrons that go through Photosystems II and I to produce NADPH
Oxygenic photosynthesis;
Source of electrons for reducing power
Plant, algae & Cynobacteria: electron donors are H2O
Oxygenic photosynthesis;
CO2 fixation
Plant, algae & Cynobacteria: Calvin-Benson cycle
Anoxygenic photosynthesis;
Location of photosystem
Purple photosynthetic bacteria: membrane invagination
Green photosynthetic bacteria: chlorosomes on membrane
Anoxygenic photosynthesis;
Type of Photosystem
Purple photosynthetic bacteria: Photosystem II-like
Green photosynthetic bacteria: Photosystem I-like
Anoxygenic photosynthesis;
Primary light harvesting pigment & accessory pigments
Purple photosynthetic bacteria & Green photosynthetic bacteria: bacterial chlorophyll
Anoxygenic photosynthesis;
Mechanism of generating reducing power
Purple photosynthetic bacteria & Green photosynthetic bacteria: use light energy for ATP and use hydrogen sulfide or sulfur as electron sources to make NADPH
Anoxygenic photosynthesis;
Source of electrons for reducing power
Purple photosynthetic bacteria & Green photosynthetic bacteria: electron donors are H2S, H2, S, or organic molecules
Anoxygenic photosynthesis;
CO2 fixation
Purple photosynthetic bacteria: Calvin-Benson cycle
Green photosynthetic bacteria: Reverse TCA (Krebs cycle)
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Streptococcol Pharyngitis (Strep throat)?
CA: Streptococcus pyogenes
AT: Bacterium (B)
MOT: respiratory (cough, sneeze)
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Diphtheria?
CA: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
AT: Bacterium (B)
MOT: Respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Sinusitis & Otitis media?
CA: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis
AT: Bacterium (B)
MOT: Often follows a viral upper respiratory infection; not directly contagious
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for the Common Cold?
CA: Primarily rhinoviruses, also coronaviruses and adenoviruses
AT: Virus (V)
MOT: Respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Pneumococcal Pneumonia?
CA: Streptococcus pneumoniae
AT: Bacterium (B)
MOT: respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze)
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Primary Atypical Pneumonia (Walking pneumonia)?
CA: Mycoplasma pneumoniae
AT: Bacterium (B) lacks cell wall
MOT: Respiratory droplets, particularly in close quarters
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Klebsiella Pneumonia?
CA: Klebsiella pneumoniae
AT: Bacterium (B)
MOT: Respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces, common in healthcare settings
What is the CA, AT, and MOT for Tuberculosis?
CA: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
AT: Bacterium (B)
MOT: Airborne respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing)
Glycolysis:
PURPOSE: breakdown of glucose to pyruvate making ATP
LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): Cytoplasm
THEORETICAL ATP YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): 2 ATP
END PRODUCTS: 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 H20
ETC (Oxidative Phosphorylation):
PURPOSE: ATP synthesis from NADH and FADH2 using a series of redox reactions and chemiosmosis
LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote)
Prokaryote: cell membrane
Eukaryote: inner mitochondrial membrane
THEORETICAL ATP
YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote)
Prokaryote: 34 ATP
Eukaryote: 32 ATP
END PRODUCTS: ATP, H2O, NAD+, FAD+ (per 2 electrons)
TCA or Krebs Cycle:
PURPOSE: series of redox reactions using acetyl-CoA to yield NADH, FADH2, and ATP synthesis
LOCATION IN CELL
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote)
Prokaryote: cytoplasm
Eukaryote: matrix of mitochondria
THEORETICAL ATP
YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote): 2 ATP
END PRODUCTS: 2 oxaloacetate, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, and 2 ATP per glucose
Transition Step:
PURPOSE: synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate + Coenzyme A due to pyruvate oxidation
LOCATION IN CELL (prokaryote vs. eukaryote):
Prokaryotes: cytoplasm
Eukaryotes: cytoplasm cross into mitochondrial matrix
THEORETICAL ATP YIELD PER GLUCOSE
(prokaryote vs. eukaryote):
Prokaryote: 0 ATP
Eukaryote: Net loss of 2 ATP due to crossing 2 membranes
END PRODUCTS: 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH per glucose
