Table 9-1 Common Neurotransmitters and their actions

Question 0

Glutamate

Answer 0

Excites activity in neurons to promote cognitive function in the brain learning and memory

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Chemical structure significantly different from that of other neurotransmitters; binds to cholinergic receptors to stimulate muscle contraction

Question 2

GABA

Answer 2

Synthesized from glutamate; primary inhibitory Neurotransmitter in the brain; also influences muscle tone

Question 3

Glycine

Answer 3

Inhibits activity between neurons in the CNS, including retina

Question 4

Serotonin or five hydroxytryptamine

Answer 4

Has various functions of the brain related to sleep, appetite, learning and memory, and mood

Question 5

Catecholamines

Answer 5

A distinct group of monoamines

Question 6

Dopamine

Answer 6

Produces inhibitory activity in the brain; functioning and learnin memory behavior and mood

Question 7

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer 7

Neurotransmitter of PNS (sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system) and specific CNS regions

Question 8

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 8

Has various effects in the CNS, especially spinal cord, thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 9

Enkephalins

Answer 9

Helps regulate response to noxious and potentially harmful stimuli

Question 10

Neuropeptide Y

Answer 10

Involved in memory regulation and energy balance (increased food intake and decreased physical activity)

Question 11

Somatostatin

Answer 11

Inhibits activities of Neurons in specific brain areas

Question 12

Substance p

Answer 12

Assists in pain information transmission Into the brain

Question 13

Cholecystokinin

Answer 13

Stimulates neurons in the brain to help mediate satiation and repress hunger

Question 14

Beta-endorphin

Answer 14

Prevents release of pain signals from neurons and fosters a feeling of well-being

Question 15

Neurotension

Answer 15

Helps control and moderate the effects of dopamine

Question 16

Adenosine

Answer 16

Also part of a nucleotide, inhibits activities in certain CNS neurons

Question 17

Nitric oxide

Answer 17

Involved in learning and memory; relaxes muscle in the digestive tract; important for relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels