Chapter 7

Question 0

In cartilage tissue _______ synthesize and maintain ECM components located in lacuna

Answer 0

Chondrocytes

Question 1

A tough, flexible form of connective tissue characterized by an ECM with high concentrations GAGs and proteoglycans which interact with collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

The most common type, type II collagen is the principal collagen type

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage

Question 3

Posses abundant elastic fibers in addition to collagen type II

Answer 3

Elastic Cartilage

Question 4

Present in body regions subjected to pulling forces is characterized by a matrix containing a dense network of coarse type I collagen fibers

Answer 4

Fibrocartilage

Question 5

A sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage in most places forming an interface between the cartilage and the tissues supported by the cartilage. Harbors the cartilage vascular supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

Perichondrium

Question 6

The most common of the three forms is homogenous and semitransparent in the fresh state

Answer 6

Hyaline cartilage

Question 7

Many genetic conditions in humans and mice that cause defective cartilage, joint deformities, or short limbs are do to recessive mutations in genes for

Answer 7

Collagen type II, the aggregates core protein, the sulfate transporter, and other proteins for normal chondrocyte function

Question 8

A chronic condition that commonly occurs during aging involves the gradual loss or changed physical properties of the hyaline cartilage that lines articular ends of bones in joints

Answer 8

Osteoarthritis

Question 9

Found in respiratory tract, in nose, articular cartilage of a joint, costal cartilage

Answer 9

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 10

Found in the external ear and the epiglottis

Answer 10

Elastic cartilage

Question 11

Found in the intervertebral discs, and the meniscus

Answer 11

Fibrocartilage

Question 12

Found in matrix has approximately 150 GAG side chains of Chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulfate is the most abundant proteoglycan of hyaline cartilage

Answer 12

Aggrecan

Question 13

Found in the matrix also, a structural multi adhesive glycoprotein , binds specifically to GAGs, collagen type II, and Integrins, mediating the adherence of chondrocytes to the ECM

Answer 13

Chondronectin

Question 14

Immediately surrounding each chondrocyte, this area of the ECM is relatively richer in GAGs,

Answer 14

Territorial matrix

Question 15

Found deeper in the cartilage chondrocytes are round and may appear in groups of up to eight cells

Answer 15

Isogenous aggregates

Question 16

Released by the pituitary gland , this hormone acts indirectly promoting the endocrine release from the liver of insulin-like growth factors, or somatomedins, which directly stimulates proliferation of chondrocytes

Answer 16

Somatotropin

Question 17

The inability of cartilage to regenerate or to be repaired fully may be attributed to the chondrocytes immobility __________,__________, & __________

Answer 17

, low metabolism, mitotic rates, avascularity

Question 18

If a cartilage injury involves the ____________ new chondroblasts and fibroblasts may be mobilized and limited repair can occur, but most of the new tissue produced is dense connective tissue and normal function of cartilage is often impaired

Answer 18

Perichondrium

Question 19

Benign tumor of cartilage

Answer 19

Chondroma

Question 20

Malignant tumor of cartilage

Answer 20

Chondrosarcoma

Question 21

Chondrsarcomas seldom ______________ and are generally removed by surgery

Answer 21

Metastasize

Question 22

Similar to hyaline cartilage but has a abundant amount of these fibers and collagen type II which gives it a yellowish color

Answer 22

Elastic Cartilage

Question 23

Takes various forms but is essentially a combination of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue with gradual transitions between these tissues

Answer 23

Fibrocartilage

Question 24

Cartilage tissue enlarges Resulting from the mitotic division of preexisting chondroblasts

Answer 24

Interstitial growth

Question 25

Cartilage tissue growth which involves differentiation of new chondroblasts from the perichondrium

Answer 25

Appositional growth

Question 26

Hyaline cartilage is susceptible to _____________ during aging,

Answer 26

Calcification

Question 27

What are the main features of the ECM in Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 27

Homogenous, with type II collagen an aggrecan

Question 28

What are the main features of the ECM in Elasic Cartilage

Answer 28

Type II collagen, aggrecan, and darker elastic fibers

Question 29

What are the main features of the ECM in Fibrocartilage

Answer 29

Type II collagen and large areas of dense connective tissue with type I collagen

Question 30

What are the major cells in Hyaline Cartilage?

Answer 30

Chondrocytes, Chondroblasts

Question 31

What are the major cells in Elastic Cartilage?

Answer 31

Chondrocytes and Chondroblasts

Question 32

What are the major cells in FibroCartilage?

Answer 32

Chondrocytes and fibroblasts

Question 33

What is the typical arrangement of chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage

Answer 33

Isolated or in small Isogenous groups

Question 34

What is the typical arrangement of chondrocytes in elastic cartilage

Answer 34

Usually in small Isogenous groups

Question 35

What is the typical arrangement of chondrocytes in Fibrocartilage

Answer 35

Isolated or in Isogenous groups arranged axially

Question 36

What are the main functions of hyaline cartilage

Answer 36

Provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints; structural support for respiratory tract

Question 37

What are the main functions of elastic cartilage

Answer 37

Provides flexible shape and support of soft tissues

Question 38

What are the main functions of Fibrocartilage

Answer 38

Provides cushioning, tensile strength

And resistance to tearing and compression