Chapter 7 Flashcards
In cartilage tissue _______ synthesize and maintain ECM components located in lacuna
Chondrocytes
A tough, flexible form of connective tissue characterized by an ECM with high concentrations GAGs and proteoglycans which interact with collagen and elastic fibers
Cartilage
The most common type, type II collagen is the principal collagen type
Hyaline cartilage
Posses abundant elastic fibers in addition to collagen type II
Elastic Cartilage
Present in body regions subjected to pulling forces is characterized by a matrix containing a dense network of coarse type I collagen fibers
Fibrocartilage
A sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage in most places forming an interface between the cartilage and the tissues supported by the cartilage. Harbors the cartilage vascular supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
Perichondrium
The most common of the three forms is homogenous and semitransparent in the fresh state
Hyaline cartilage
Many genetic conditions in humans and mice that cause defective cartilage, joint deformities, or short limbs are do to recessive mutations in genes for
Collagen type II, the aggregates core protein, the sulfate transporter, and other proteins for normal chondrocyte function
A chronic condition that commonly occurs during aging involves the gradual loss or changed physical properties of the hyaline cartilage that lines articular ends of bones in joints
Osteoarthritis
Found in respiratory tract, in nose, articular cartilage of a joint, costal cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Found in the external ear and the epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
Found in the intervertebral discs, and the meniscus
Fibrocartilage
Found in matrix has approximately 150 GAG side chains of Chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulfate is the most abundant proteoglycan of hyaline cartilage
Aggrecan
Found in the matrix also, a structural multi adhesive glycoprotein , binds specifically to GAGs, collagen type II, and Integrins, mediating the adherence of chondrocytes to the ECM
Chondronectin
Immediately surrounding each chondrocyte, this area of the ECM is relatively richer in GAGs,
Territorial matrix
Found deeper in the cartilage chondrocytes are round and may appear in groups of up to eight cells
Isogenous aggregates
Released by the pituitary gland , this hormone acts indirectly promoting the endocrine release from the liver of insulin-like growth factors, or somatomedins, which directly stimulates proliferation of chondrocytes
Somatotropin
The inability of cartilage to regenerate or to be repaired fully may be attributed to the chondrocytes immobility __________,__________, & __________
, low metabolism, mitotic rates, avascularity
If a cartilage injury involves the ____________ new chondroblasts and fibroblasts may be mobilized and limited repair can occur, but most of the new tissue produced is dense connective tissue and normal function of cartilage is often impaired
Perichondrium
Benign tumor of cartilage
Chondroma
Malignant tumor of cartilage
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrsarcomas seldom ______________ and are generally removed by surgery
Metastasize
Similar to hyaline cartilage but has a abundant amount of these fibers and collagen type II which gives it a yellowish color
Elastic Cartilage
Takes various forms but is essentially a combination of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue with gradual transitions between these tissues
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage tissue enlarges Resulting from the mitotic division of preexisting chondroblasts
Interstitial growth
Cartilage tissue growth which involves differentiation of new chondroblasts from the perichondrium
Appositional growth
Hyaline cartilage is susceptible to _____________ during aging,
Calcification
What are the main features of the ECM in Hyaline Cartilage
Homogenous, with type II collagen an aggrecan
What are the main features of the ECM in Elasic Cartilage
Type II collagen, aggrecan, and darker elastic fibers
What are the main features of the ECM in Fibrocartilage
Type II collagen and large areas of dense connective tissue with type I collagen
What are the major cells in Hyaline Cartilage?
Chondrocytes, Chondroblasts
What are the major cells in Elastic Cartilage?
Chondrocytes and Chondroblasts
What are the major cells in FibroCartilage?
Chondrocytes and fibroblasts
What is the typical arrangement of chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage
Isolated or in small Isogenous groups
What is the typical arrangement of chondrocytes in elastic cartilage
Usually in small Isogenous groups
What is the typical arrangement of chondrocytes in Fibrocartilage
Isolated or in Isogenous groups arranged axially
What are the main functions of hyaline cartilage
Provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints; structural support for respiratory tract
What are the main functions of elastic cartilage
Provides flexible shape and support of soft tissues
What are the main functions of Fibrocartilage
Provides cushioning, tensile strength
And resistance to tearing and compression
