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Histogy > Chap 1 > Flashcards

Chap 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Form of content continuum that functions together and reacts to stimuli and inhibitors together

A

ECM & Cells

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1
Q

The study of the tissues of the body and how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs

A

Histology

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2
Q

small pieces of tissue are placed in solutions of chemicals that preserved by cross-linking proteins and in activating degradative enzymes

A

Fixation

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3
Q

The tissue is transferred through a series of increasingly concentrated alcohol solutions ending in 100% which removes all water

A

Dehydration

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4
Q

Alcohol is removed in toluene or other agents in which both alcohol and Harrison are Misccible

A

Clearing

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5
Q

The tissue is then placed in melted paraffin until it becomes completely and infiltrated with this substance

A

Infiltration

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6
Q

The paraffin infiltrated tissue is placed in a small mold with melted paraffin and allowed to harden

A

Embedding

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7
Q

The resulting paraffin block is Trimmed to expose the tissue for sectioning (slicing) on the microtome

A

Trimming

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8
Q

Is use for sectioning paraffin embedded tissues for light microscopic midterm tissue specimen is mounted in the paraffin block holder needs turn of the drive will buy the histologist advances the holder to control distance after each forward to move the tissue block passes over the steel knife edge and a section is cut a thickness equal to the distance the block advanced

A

Microtome

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9
Q

Cell substances with a net negative charge( anionic) charge, such as DNA & RNA, react strongly with _______ and basic stains, such material is said to be _________

A

Hematoxylin, basophilic

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10
Q

( Cationic) substances, such as collagen and many cytoplasmic proteins, react with ______ and other acidic stains and are said to be ___________

A

Eosin, acidophilic

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11
Q

____________ reaction is based on the transformation, of 1,2 glycol groups present in the in the sugars aldehyde residues which reacts with this to produce a purple or magenta color

A

Periodic acid Schiff reagent

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12
Q

Short branched chains of sugars

A

Oligosaccharides

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13
Q

Are anionic, unbranched long chain polysaccharides containing animated sugars

A

Glycoaminoglycans

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14
Q

Usually a single Strain that is applied separately to allow better recognition of nuclei and other structures.

A

Counter strain

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15
Q

A common lipid dye And dissolves in lipid rich structures of cells

A

Sudan Black

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16
Q

Collects and focuses a cone of light that illuminates the tissue slide on the stage

A

Condenser

17
Q

Enlarges and projects the image of the object in the direction of the eyepiece

A

Objective

18
Q

Ocular lens further magnifies the image and projects it into the viewers retina or coupled charge device (ccd)

A

Eyepiece

19
Q

A method of localizing newly synthesized macromolecules in cells or tissue sections. Using radioactive metabolites

A

Autoradiography

20
Q

Live cells can be maintained and studied outside the body in culture ______. In the organism ________ cells are bathed in fluid derived from blood plasma, containing many different molecules required for survival and growth

A

Vitro, Vivo

21
Q

Certain changes that can for example cause cell immortality and involved with the origin of cancer cells

A

Transformation

22
Q

Is a method for localizing cellular structures using specific enzymatic activity present in those structures

A

Enzyme Histochemistry

23
Q

Examples of enzymes that can be detected histochemically

A

Phosphatases, Dehydrogenases,Peroxidase

24
Q

The body’s immune cells interact with and produce ________against other macromolecules called________ that are recognized as foreign

A

Antibodies, antigens

25
Q

Allows the recognition of stained or unstained structures made of highly organized subunits

A

Polarizing Microscopy

26
Q

The ability to rotate the direction of vibration of polarized light

A

Birefringence

27
Q

Is a compound extracted from a mushroom amanita phalloides and interacts strongly with actin

A

Phalloidin

28
Q

Is obtained from staphylococcus aureus bacteria and binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulin molecules

A

Protein A

29
Q

Are proteins or glycoproteins derived mainly from plant seeds, that bind to carbs with high affinity and specificity

A

Lectins

30
Q

The method most commonly used by both students and pathologists uses ordinary light and the colors are imparted by tissue staining

A

Bright-Field Microscopy

31
Q

Uses ultra violet light under which only fluorescent molecules are visible allowing localization of fluorescent probes which can be much more specific than routine stains

A

Fluorescence microscopy

32
Q

Uses differences in refractive index of various natural cell and tissue components to produce an image without staining allowing observation of living cells

A

Phase Contrast Microscopy

33
Q

Involves scanning the specimen at successive focal planes with a focused light beam, and produces a 3D reconstruction from the images

A

Confocal Microscopy

34
Q

Sends a electromagnetically focused beam of electrons at very high voltage through ultra thin sections of tissue

A

Transmission Electron Microscopy

35
Q

__________&___________ allow TEM study of unfixed frozen cells, with fractured membranes or cut surfaces coated with carbon and heavy metal to make a replica of the surface for analysis

A

Cryrofracture freeze etching

36
Q

Scans an electron beam across a specimen coated with a thin layer of heavy metal reflected and secondary electrons from specimen are processed into a 3D ultra structural image

A

Scanning Electron Microscopy

37
Q

Uses specific enzymatic activities in lightly fixed or unfixed tissue sections to produce visible products in the specific enzyme locations

A

Histochemical or cytochemical techniques

38
Q

Based on specific reactions between an antigen and antibodies labeled with visible markers, often fluorescent compounds or Peroxidase for light micro and gold for TEM

A

Immunohistochemistry

39
Q

When the cell or tissue antigen of interest is detected by directly binding a labeled primary antibody specific for that antigen, this process is considered

A

Direct Immunohistochemistry

40
Q

Uses an unlabeled primary antibody that is detected bound to it’s antigen with labeled secondary antibodies is more commonly used because the added level of antibody binding amplifies the signal detected and provides greater technical flexibility

A

Indirect Immunohistochemistry

41
Q

Certain steps in procedures for tissue sections may distort the tissues slightly producing minor structural abnormalities called _________ not present in the living tissue

A

Artifacts

Histogy (10 decks)

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