T5 - Legislation

Question 1

Data protection:

Answer 1

about looking after the personal data of people
The Data Protection Act (2018) is the law that covers this

Question 2

Organisations that collect personal data must:

Answer 2

Only collect the data for a specific purpose
Make sure the data is accurate
Data that is not necessary for the specific purpose may not be collected
Data can come from user sign-up details

Question 3

Data collection sources:

Answer 3

3rd parties – other companies can sell or share the data
Cookies track users as they browse websites
Paper registration forms
CCTV
Viewing habits with streaming services

Question 4

Data processing:
Reasons for lawful processing:

Answer 4

Consent
Legal obligation
Public task
Contract
Vital interests
Legitimate interests

Question 5

Consent meaning and eg

Answer 5

A person has agreed to their data being used
A tick box to consent to receive a newsletter

Question 6

Contract meaning and eg

Answer 6

Processing is needed for a contract
A contract for buying a house

Question 7

Legal obligation meaning and eg

Answer 7

Processing the data is needed to meet the law
Keeping tax records

Question 8

Vital interests meaning and eg

Answer 8

Processing is needed to protect someone’s life
A teacher gives a collapsed student’s name to a paramedic

Question 9

Public task meaning and eg

Answer 9

For performing an official task
A criminal court

Question 10

Legitimate interests meaning and eg

Answer 10

There is a clear benefit to the user or company
Processing customer data

Question 11

Data storage: conditions

Answer 11

The data is kept accurate and up to date
It is not kept any longer than necessary
It must not be transferred to other countries unless they can keep it protected
Customers must be told of a data breach within 72 hours of it happening

Question 12

Methods of securing data:

Answer 12

Using passwords for any systems with access to the data
Encrypting the data
Only allowing access to those users that need it
CCTV
Security guards
Two-factor authentication

Question 13

The Data Protection Act (2018) gives a number
of rights:

Answer 13

The right to view data stored about you by organisations for free
You must consent to having marketing sent to you – this consent must be ‘opt-in’
The right to withdraw consent
The right to make changes to your data if it is inaccurate
The right to be forgotten

Question 14

Penalties from the Data Protection Act include:

Answer 14

Issuing warnings to the organisation
Order the organisation to comply

Question 15

Privacy: Every time you log on to a web site

Answer 15

data about your visit may be collected and stored

Question 16

Privacy: Every time you use your phone to make a call,

Answer 16

data about the number called, time and date called, and the duration of the call, is collected and stored

Question 17

The Data Protection Act (2018): The right to withdraw consent

Answer 17

– mailing lists have an unsubscribe link for this

Question 18

The Data Protection Act (2018): The right to be forgotten

Answer 18

– allows you to delete your personal data

Question 19

Privacy online: Many online services such as search engines and social media are free to use

Answer 19

These services are paid for by targeted advertising

Question 20

Cookies

Answer 20

• are sent to a user’s computer from
  web sites.
• Users must consent to receiving cookies

Question 21

Cookies allow websites to:

Answer 21

Store data such as the contents of your shopping basket
Remember that you are logged into a website
Remember who you are
Track you
Target advertising to you

Question 22

The Computer Misuse Act (1990) created the following offences:

Answer 22

Unauthorised access to computer material
Unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate a crime
Unauthorised modification of software or data
Making, supplying or obtaining anything which can be used in computer misuse offences

Question 23

Penalties: for violating The Computer Misuse Act (1990)

Answer 23

Fine
10 yrs in prison

Question 24

Unauthorised access

Answer 24

• is where a person gains access to a computer system without permission

Question 25

Unauthorised access eg

Answer 25

Eg - hacker, employee who has permission to use some of a system, but gains access to another part

Question 26

Hackers: try to

Answer 26

try to find weaknesses in a computer system
gain access with one user account
then try to alter the permissions to get root or admin access

Question 27

Unauthorised modification includes:

Answer 27

Deleting another user’s files
Changing the content of documents
Altering the content of web pages
Rewriting computer programs to remove activation keys

Question 28

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988)
Inventions are covered by patents

Answer 28

A patent prevents anyone else using the invention for 20 years

Question 29

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988) -

Answer 29

Copyright protects books, video, music and software
Copyright typically lasts 70 years after publication or an author’s death

Question 30

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988) - music/ books

Answer 30

Copyright lets an author or musician decide how their work should be used

Question 31

Copyright infringement penalties =

Answer 31

Fines + Up to 10 years in prison

Question 32

How softwares prevent copyright:

Answer 32

Licence keys, activation keys and serial numbers
Holograms on physical products to show they are genuine
Online registration or activation

Question 33

Online registration to prevent copyright

Answer 33

will prevent the software from working if a licence has not been purchased

Question 34

Copyright and the cloud:

Answer 34

This is very hard to copy as the software is accessible only within the companies servers
The user views the output of the software through their web browser

Question 35

Software licensing:

Answer 35

protected by copyright law
It may only be used if you created it yourself or you are licensed to use it

Question 36

For proprietary software a licence must be

Answer 36

purchased before the software can be used

Question 37

For open source software the licence normally permits

Answer 37

the software to be downloaded for free – the licence often has conditions such as requiring you not to sell it

Question 38

Proprietary software:

Answer 38

most common
The source code is usually kept by the developer (closed-source) and the user receives the compiled programs
The software cannot be adapted or modified by the user
The software can only be used if the user has a licence (which is usually paid for)
This type of software is typically off-the-shelf and not custom made

Question 39

Open source software

Answer 39

• provides access to the source code that was used to create it

By having the source code, users have
the freedom to develop or modify it

Open source software:
developed collaboratively by many programmers

Question 40

Open source software: By having the source code,

Answer 40

users have
the freedom to develop or modify it

Question 41

Open source software: developed by

Answer 41

developed collaboratively by many programmers