T4M3

Question 1

The ability to amplify DNA in a tube via the polymerase chain reaction (or PCR) technique was developed by

Answer 1

Kary Mullis in 1985

Question 2

PCR allows scientists to

Answer 2

copy/amplify DNA to millions of copies from a very small starting sample

Question 3

At the start of a PCR, the DNA double helix must
be

Answer 3

unwound by high temperature

Question 4

Gel electrophoresis is

Answer 4

a general technique that can be utilized to
separate DNA fragments

Question 5

Gel electrophoresis can separate molecules ranging from

Answer 5

several hundreds of nucleotides in length to over 10, 000 nucleotides

Question 6

DNA sequencing is a technique that was developed in 1975 by

Answer 6

Frederick Sanger

Question 7

Limitation to Sanger’s DNA sequencing technique

Answer 7

could only determine the sequence of small
fragments of DNA

Question 8

The first bacterial whole genome to be sequenced

Answer 8

Haemophilus influenza in 1995

Question 9

First multicellular organism genome sequenced

Answer 9

C. elegans 1998

Question 10

Sanger sequencing technique also
known as

Answer 10

dideoxy chain-termination method/simply dideoxy sequencing

Question 11

The key components required for dideoxy sequencing include all the components required for

Answer 11

DNA replication

Question 12

Key components dideoxy sequencing/DNA replication

Answer 12

• denatured, single-stranded template DNA, short single-stranded DNA primers that will bind in a complementary manner to specific regions of the template DNA and serve as starting points for DNA copying
• sufficient free deoxyribonucleotides
  (or dNTPs)
• DNA polymerase

Question 13

DNA polymerase links adjacent deoxynucleotides by

Answer 13

catalyzing a covalent bond between the 5’- phosphate on one nucleotide and the 3’-OH
group on the previous nucleotide

Question 14

During dideoxy sequencing, the synthesis of each daughter strand will begin at the

Answer 14

3’ end of the primer and continues until a dideoxynucleotide is inserted

Question 15

Contigs

Answer 15

overlapping DNA segments assembled into a consensus region of DNA

Question 16

good reading frame

Answer 16

a long stretch of codons that lacks a stop codon

Question 17

genome annotation requires

Answer 17

the identification of various patterns (or sequence motifs) in the sequenced DNA molecule.