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BIOLOGY 1A03 > T2M3 > Flashcards

T2M3 Flashcards

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1
Q

In prokaryotes assembly and translation occurs in the

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in

A

nucleus

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3
Q

Eukaryotic translation occurs in the

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

Antibiotics work by

A

disrupting translation at site of the ribosome

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5
Q

Translated polypeptide coded by insulin gene is how long?

A

110 amino acids

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6
Q

Functional insulin protein 2 chains

A

Alpha - 21 aa’s
Beta - 30 aa’s

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7
Q

preproinsulin to proinsulin

A

pre loses signal sequence, disulfide bonds

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8
Q

proinsulin to insulin

A

C chain drops off

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9
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A

primary transcripts from same gene can be spliced in different ways to yield different mRNAs and therefore different protein products

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10
Q

George Beadle & Edward Tatum

A
  • 1941 studied relationship of genes & enzymes
  • examined three neurospora crassa mutants
  • mutants created by UV or X-ray treatments
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11
Q

Wild-type characteristics

A
  • grows on minimal medium
  • able to make all the amino acids and other substances that it needs to survive
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12
Q

Minimal medium

A

support medium combined only with molecules that are necessary for the growth of wild-type individuals

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13
Q

Srb & Horowitz hypothesis

A

certain genes were involved in making each of the 3 types of enzymes

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14
Q

Conclusions of Srb & Horowitz

A
  • for a mutant to grow on ornithine or citrulline it must be able to make arginine
  • if a mutant is unable to grow with ornithine or citrulline added to medium (arg3) then it must have a defect in the enzyme that converts citrulline to arginine
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15
Q

Ornithine is a precursor to

A

citrulline

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16
Q

Citrulline is a precursor to

A

arginine

17
Q

the function of a gene is to

A

determine the production of a specific enzyme (one gene one enzyme - polypeptide - …)

18
Q

what does tRNA do?

A

enables the translation of the information in the mRNA genetic message to a polypeptide

19
Q

tRNA molecules are able to

A

transfer amino acids from a pool of cytoplasmically situated amino acids to a growing polypeptide strand in a ribosome

20
Q

tRNA is made up of

A

a single RNA strand ranging between 70-90 nucleotides in length

21
Q

complementarity along many stretches of a tRNA molecule results in

A

stretches of hydrogen bonding between complementary nucleotide bases for the formation of four double-helical segments and three characteristic loops seen in all tRNA molecules

22
Q

What is anticodon region of tRNA?

A

specific nucleotide triplet that forms complementary base-pairs with a specific mRNA codon that codes for a specific amino acid written in 3’ to 5’ direction

23
Q

3’ end of tRNA

A

protruding amino acid attachment site that is
made up of a single stranded CCA nucleotide

24
Q

terminal A point of attachment for ? when ?

A

an amino acid during tRNA molecule activation

25
Q

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase active site recognizes

A

the anticodon end of the tRNA and the region of the amino acid attachment site

26
Q

How many aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

A

20, one for each amino acid

27
Q

For proper translation tRNA anticodon pairs with the

A

appropriate mRNA codon

28
Q

mRNA can code for

A

64 codons and 20 amino acids

29
Q

wobble

A

greater flexibility for base pairing between the third nucleotide of a codon and the corresponding base of a tRNA anticodon, explains redundancy in genetic code

30
Q

In eukaryotes, the initiation of translation occurs when

A

a translation initiation complex forms towards the 5’ cap of the mRNA and then scans the mRNA until an AUG start codon is encountered

31
Q

Where will prokaryotes translation initiation complex assemble?

A

at one or more ribosome binding sites called Shine-Dalgarno sequence because they have no 5’ caps

32
Q

Shine-Dalgarno sequences located

A

a few bases upstream of the translation start codon (AUG)

33
Q

prokaryotes and eukaryotes basic machinery during translation

A

large and small subunits of the ribosome, an mRNA molecule, charged tRNA amino acids and initiation, elongation and termination factors

BIOLOGY 1A03 (24 decks)

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