T1M2 Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells
an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells
unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and have few to no organelles
Photosynthesis
a process in plant cells and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy. Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of carbohydrate molecules. Chloroplasts manufacture sugar
Cellular respiration
a process used by plant and animal cells to release
the chemical energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrate molecules and partially capture it in the form of ATP
Mitochondria
- look like bacterial cells and about the same size
- have their own circular genome
- produce the enzymes necessary for protein synthesis
Plastid
double-membrane organelles which are found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food. These often contain pigments that are used in photosynthesis and different types of pigments that can change the colour of the cell.
Organelle membranes allow for…
compartmentalization
Different compartments contain:
* a unique set of enzymes
* produce and contain different products
Increased membrane surface area can:
* increase the potential metabolic capacity
across the membrane
Photosynthesis eq
6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
Electron transport chain…
establishes a proton gradient that is used to produce ATP in the mitochondria. A proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP.
Endomembrane system
a group of organelles in eukaryotic cells that performs most lipid and protein synthesis; endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
ATP is important for
mechanical work - contracting a muscle
transport work - active transport
chemical work - building a large molecule
