Intro Applied Lecture Flashcards
Animal cells
Animal cells have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not.
Plant cells
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, animal cells do not.
Electron Microscopy
Uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. Used to obtain high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens.
Fluorescent Microscopy
Used to image specific features of small specimens such as microbes/visually enhance 3-D features. Done by attaching fluorescent tags to antibodies that attach to targeted features, or by staining in a less specific manner.
Brightfield Microscopy
Sample illumination is transmitted white light, and contrast in the sample is caused by attenuation of the transmitted light in dense areas of the sample (stained specimens).
How many cells make up an adult human?
10 trillion
How many bacterial cells do humans host?
100 trillion. 10x as many compared to eukaryotic cells
How many species of microbes do humans host?
10 000
Staphylococcus aureus
Found in upper respiratory tract and skin. Can cause lower respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and gastroenteritis.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Found in normal flora of mouth, skin, and intestines. Can cause lung inflammation.
Pseudomonas
Able to colonize many different environments. Able to form polysaccharide biofilms. Resistance to most antibiotics.
Escherichia Coli
Found in intestines. Can cause bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, and vomiting.
Practicing and academic surgeon in Denver, Colorado. In 1958, was faced with 4 patients with deadly pseudomembranous colitis.
Dr. Ben Eiseman
Dr. Ben Eisemans treatment for his patients
Used donor fecal enemas from family members of patients to transplant. All were cured, flora restored. 20 years more before anyone else tried to repeat or even validate his result.
Pseudomembranous colitis
- Inflammation of the colon
- Can often be caused by uncontrolled growth of
Clostridium difficile bacterium normally present in colon - Cause death of healthy bacteria, colon damage, diarrhea & antibiotic resistance