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Melissa's Pharm 2 > T2-Laxatives > Flashcards

T2-Laxatives Flashcards

1
Q

Constipation is determined more by stool _____ (degree of hardness) than by _____ bowel movements occur

A

Consistency; how often

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2
Q

What are the common causes of constipation?

A

Decreased fiber and fluid
Dysfunction of ANS
Medications

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3
Q

What are some medications that increase your risk for constipation?

A

Anti-cholinergic
Opioids
Verapamil (CCB)

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4
Q

What happens with laxative overuse (3)?

A

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
Normal defecation lost (you depend on laxative for BM)

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5
Q

Who may take a lot of laxatives (and diuretics)?

A

People with anorexia nervosa

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6
Q

What are the 4 classes of laxatives?

A

Stool softeners
Osmotic laxatives
Stimulate laxatives
Bowel Preparation

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7
Q

What is the drug for stool softeners?

A

Docusate sodium

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8
Q

What does the word emollient mean?

A

To soften

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9
Q

Docusate sodium is similar to ___

A

Soap

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10
Q

If you take docusate sodium, how long before you have a BM?

A

Several days

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11
Q

Docusate sodium is similar to soap in that it mixes fats and water. So it helps water get in the stool to soften it up. What must we teach our client regarding this?

A

Take docusate sodium with FULL glass of water

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12
Q

T/F: Docusate sodium stimulates you to have a BM.

A

FALSE. It doesn’t stimulate you to have a BM. It just makes you have a SOFT BM so it is easier for you to go

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13
Q

When do we give docusate sodium?

A 
Opioid therapy (prophylaxis)
In patients who need to avoid straining!
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14
Q

We give docusate sodium in patients who need to avoid straining. What are some examples and what is something that may happen to them if they didn’t take the stool softener and strained during BM?

A

Patients with:
Hemorrhoids: Bleeding
CV disease: MI
Episiotomy: Big tear

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15
Q

What is the MOA of osmotic laxatives?

A

Pulls water into GI tract

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16
Q

What is the drug that is an osmotic laxative?

A

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 aka Miralex

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17
Q

What does PEG 3350 do to stool?

A

Softens and increases size of stool

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18
Q

What is Polythylene glycol good for?

A

Chronic constipation

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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of PEG 3350?

How long does it take to have a BM?

A

Well tolerated
Bloating, cramping

2-4 days

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20
Q

What do we teach our patients who are taking an osmotic laxative, such as PEG 3350?

A

Dissolve it in 4-8 ounces of fluid…it usually takes 5-10 minutes to dissolve but it will dissolve completely

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21
Q

What is the MOA of stimulant laxatives?

A

Irritates the GI tract and increases motility

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22
Q

If you take a stimulate laxative PO, how long before you have a BM?

A

12 hours

23
Q

If you take a stimulate laxative PR, how long before you have a BM?

A

1 hour

24
Q

What are the 3 major stimulants?

A

Senna
Bisacodyl
Senna/docusate

25
Q

Is senna (stimulate laxative) PO or PR?

A

PO

26
Q

Is bisacodyl PO or PR?

A

Both forms

27
Q

When you mix senna with docusate, what happens to stool?

A

“Mush and push” So the docusate will soften it and the senna will make you have a BM quickly and it’s now soft and easy to come out

28
Q

What are the adverse effects to the stimulate laxatives (senna, bisacodyl and senna/docusate)

A 
GI discomfort (nausea, cramping, bloating)
Yellowish-brown or pink urine (senna)
29
Q

When do you give a bowel preparation drug?

A

Before a surgery or colonoscopy

30
Q

What is the bowel prep. drug?

A

PEG 3350 with electrolytes

31
Q

What is the trade name for the bowel prep. drug?

A

GoLYTELY

32
Q

How much GoLYTELY has to be drunk and do patients like it?

A

4 L!! NO, it has a large sodium concentration so it is salty!

33
Q

What are some tricks for drinking all 4 L of the PEG 3350 with electrolytes (bowel prep)?

A

Chill before drinking
Mix with crystal light
Chug: DONT SIP.
Make sure a toilet is nearby!!!

34
Q

What class is docusate sodium?

A

Stool softener

35
Q

What class irritates the lining of the GI tract?

A

Stimulant

36
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant

37
Q

PEG 3350

A

Osmotic

38
Q

Taken to help avoid straining?

A

Docusate sodium (stool softener)

39
Q

Weird effect of yellowish-brown or pink urine (what drug and class)?

A

Senna; stimulant

40
Q

BM in 12 hours

A

PO stimulant

41
Q

BM in 1 hour

A

PR stimulant

42
Q

BM in 2-4 days

A

PEG 3350 osmotic

43
Q

BM in several days

A

Docusate sodium; stool softener

44
Q

BM immediately

A

PEG 3350 with electrolyte; bowel prep

45
Q

Take with a full glass of water

A

Docusate sodium

46
Q

Adverse effect of nausea, cramping, bloating?

A

Stimulants

47
Q

Adverse effect of bloating, cramping ?

A

PEG 3350; osmotic

48
Q

Dissolve in 4-8 oz?

A

PEG 3350; osmotic

49
Q

Must drink large volume of 4 L

A

PEG 3350 with electrolytes; bowel prep

50
Q

What drug is “miraculous”?

A

Miralex (PEG 3350); osmotic!!

51
Q

Opioid therapy prophylaxis?

A

Stool softener (docusate sodium)

52
Q

What harmless effect does senna have on a person’s urine?

A

Turn it yellowish-brown or pink

53
Q

What is another situation in which lactulose may be helpful?

A

Enhance excretion of ammonia to lower it in patients with portal HTN and encephalopathy, secondary to chronic liver disease

Melissa's Pharm 2 (32 decks)

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