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Mental Health-MJ > T2-Blueprint > Flashcards

T2-Blueprint Flashcards

1
Q

A mental state characterized by a disturbance of cognition, which is manifested as confusion, excitement, disorientation, and a clouding of consciousness

A

Delirium

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2
Q

Are hallucinations and illusions common with delirium?

A

Yes

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3
Q

An acute and rapid (sudden or over several days) onset of disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition

A

Delirium (another definition)

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4
Q

Symptoms become worse in late afternoon and evening

A

Sundowning

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5
Q

Some predisposing factors to delirium?

A
  • Systemic infections
  • Febrile illness
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Hepatic encephalopathy
  • Head trauma
  • Seizure
  • Migraines
  • Brain abscess
  • Stroke
  • Electrolyte imbalance
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6
Q

What are some meds to treat delirium?

A
  • Benzo for substance withdrawal

- Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) for agitation, aggression, hallucinations, and illusions

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7
Q

What are some issues that could cause delirium?

A

Managing:

  • Illnesses that can cause delirium
  • Fluid and electrolyte
  • Hypoxia
  • Blood disorder
  • Nutrition
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8
Q

Nursing process of delirium: look for the cause. What could be the cause of delirium?

A

UTI
Substance use
Withdrawal

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9
Q

A syndrome of chronic and possibly progressive intellectual and functional impairment involving memory, language, emotion, cognition, and changes in personality

A

Neurocognitive disorder

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10
Q

How does the DSM-5 classify neurocognitive disorders?

A

Mild or major

Primary (organic) or secondary (another disease causes it)

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11
Q

DSM-5 classifies neurocognitive (NCD) as mild or major OR as primary or secondary. What are examples of secondary reasons?

A

Caused by another disease or condition such as HIV, depression, nutritional deficiency

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12
Q

Can NCD be due to Alzheimer’s?

A

Yes, this would be classified as primary (organic)

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13
Q

NCD: Assessment

what do we look for with history?

A

Mood, personality changes, cognitive changes

*Cognitive changes can be judgement, reasoning, memory, LOC, etc

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14
Q

NCD: Assesment Screen for ?

A

Anxiety and depression

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15
Q

NCD: Assessment What lab work is done in assessment?

A

Blood and urine

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16
Q

NCD: Assessment Why do we do a PET scan?

A

Reveal metabolic activity of the brain

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17
Q

NCD: Assessment Why do we do CT or MRI of brain?

A

View brain structures

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18
Q

NCD: Assessment Why do we do EEG?

A

Measure and record brain electrical activity

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19
Q

NCD: Assessment

Why do we do lumbar puncture for spinal fluid

A

Screen for infection or hemorrhage or CSF pressure

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20
Q

NCD: Diagnosis

What are risks for trauma?

A

Falls, wandering, confusion, poor coordination

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21
Q

NCD: Diagnosis

What happens if the patient has “disturbed/altered thought process”

A

Disorientation, confusion, memory deficits, paranoria

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22
Q

NCD: Diagnosis

What may the patient have if the patient has “disturbed sensory perception”

A

Experiencing hallucinations

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23
Q

NCD: Diagnosis

What if the pt. is aggressive, what is the risk?

A

Risk for other directed violence

24
Q

NCD: Diagnosis

What is the patients diagnosis if they have aphasia?

A

Impaired verbal communication

25
Q

NCD: Diagnosis

What if the patient has a self care deficit. What does this mean?

A

Inability to do ADLs

26
Q

NCD: Diagnosis

What if the patient has the diagnosis of situational low self esteem or grieving. What may they be expressing?

A

Shame and social isolation

27
Q

NCD: Implementation

What is the first and foremost thing to do?

A

Ensure safety

28
Q

NCD: Implementation
Nursing care is directed to protect the client from ____ as well as promoting client ___ & ____; family education and support, and home safety

A

Injury;

Promoting client SELF ESTEEM AND LIFE QUALITY

29
Q

NCD meds: What are the 3 cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine

30
Q

NCD meds: What is the NMDA receptor agonist?

A

Memantine

31
Q

NCD meds: What are the 4 antipsychotics?

A

Risperidone
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Haloperidol

32
Q

NCD meds: What are the 2 SSRIs?

A

Sertaraline

Paroxetine

33
Q

NCD meds: What is the TCA?

A

Nortriptyline

34
Q

NCD meds: What are the 3 Benzos?

A

Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam

35
Q

NCD meds: What are the 4 selective hypnotic?

A

Zolpidem
Zaleplon
Eszopicline
Ramelteon

36
Q

NCD meds: What is the antidepressant?

A

Trazodone

37
Q

NCD meds: What is the TETRAcyclic antidepressant?

A

Mirtazapine

38
Q

NCD effect: Cannot speak or may forger meanings of words and names of things and the use for things; may be unable to express what they want or need

A

Aphasia

39
Q

NCD effect: The inability to carry out motor activities and eventually unable care for self

A

Apraxia

40
Q

NCD effect: The inability to recognize familiar objects

A

Agnosia

41
Q

NCD effect: Mental skills that are coordinated in the brain’s frontal lobe that include: planning, organizing, remembering details, curbing inappropriate speech/behavior, integrating past experiences with present action, managing time for tasks

A

Executive functions

42
Q

NCD effect: Creating imaginary events to fill memory gaps to cover up/deny that memory problem exists

A

Confabulation

43
Q

NCD effect: Persistently repeating the same word or idea in response to different questions

A

Perseveration

44
Q

NCD effect phenomenon where symptoms of NCD worsen at sunset/evening

A

Sundowning

45
Q

NCD: What are some ways sundowning is managed?

A
  • Control pain
  • Reduce stimulation
  • Turn on lights to minimize shadows
  • Do quiet activity to distract
  • No caffeine in afternoon or evening
  • No alcohol drinks
46
Q

What is another name for depression?

A

Pseudodmentia

47
Q

Pseudodementia: Depression mimics the _____ noticed with a NCD

A

Cognitive changes

48
Q

Is pseudodementa more rapid or slow than NCD?

A

Rapid onset

49
Q

Do pseudodementa patients experience confabulate?

A

No, that is what happens in NCD—Pseudodementa experience FORGETFULNESS

50
Q

Are pseudodementa patients oriented to time and place?

A

Yes

51
Q

How is the pseudodementa patients performance?

A

Variable (with nCD it is a consistently poor performance)

52
Q

Pseudodementia patients get ____ as day progresses

A

Better

53
Q

NCD patients get ____ as day progresses

A

Worse

54
Q

How is the appetite of pseudodemetia?

A

Poor

55
Q

How is the appetite of NCD?

A

Unchanged appetite, but does not remember to eat

56
Q

How is the concentration of pseudodementia?

A

Concentration intact

57
Q

How is the concentration of a patient with NCD?

A

Impaired

Mental Health-MJ (39 decks)

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