T1: Anaerobic GPRs Flashcards
Probrionibacterium
- normal flora
skin
Probrionibacterium
- GLC pattern
GLC = aP
Probrionibacterium
- What infections is it involved in
CNS shunt infections, endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, eye
- Found in blood and CSF cultures after 5 days
Bifidobacterium
- Normal Flora
Common fecal flora
Bifidobacterium
- Gram stain
Y shaped GPR
Lactobacillus
- normal flora
GI and vaginal flora
Actinomyces
- Gram stain
often branching GPRs
Actinomyces israelii
- plate morphology
ROUGH/SLOW growth, molar tooth 5- 14 days or longer
Actinomyces israelii
- gram stain
branching rods
Actinomyces israelii
- broth
chunky in broth
Actinomyces israelii
- disease
- Actinomycosis - “Lumpy Jaw”
- Sulphur granules from drainage
Actinomyces naeslundii
- plate morphology
Moderate growth/SMOOTH on BAP
Actinomyces naeslundii
- broth
turbid
Mobiluncus
- Gram stain
motile slightly curved rod
Mobiluncus
- disease
non-specific vaginitis or bacterial vaginosis
Eubacterium
- disease
rarely cause disease because beneficial bacterium
Eubacterium
- normal flora
intestinal tract
Eggerthella lenta
- normal flora
intestinal tract
Three types of spores
Terminal
Central
Subterminal
Most clinical isolates of anaerobic gram positive spore forming rods are what?
Clostridium
Clostridium perfringens
- gram stain
GPR - spore forming but often stains gram neg on a direct smear
Clostridium perfringens
- What are the reactions with milk, lecithinase, lipase, and reverse CAMP test?
milk: proteolytic (milk-curd/digest)
Lecithinase: positive
Lipase: negative
Reverse CAMP: positive
Clostridium perfringens
- plate morphology
double zone beta hemolysis
Clostridium perfringens
- two major diseases
- Gas gangrene
2. Food poisoning
Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
- most common cause
- toxins
- what happens
- Clostridium
- Cytotoxins destroy cells/tissues
- Gas, bullae, discoloration
Crepitant (anaerobic) cellulitis
- what is not involved
muscle and facia not involved
Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is found in what foods?
meats and gravy
Clostridium ramosum
- flora
GI
Clostridium ramosum
- Gram stain
virginia rail fence and palisading; terminal spores rarely seen
Clostridium septicum
- plate morphology
swarms; spreading colonies; slight beta hemolysis
Clostridium septicum
- gram stain
GPR that may have citron-shaped GPRs
Clostridium septicum
- two diseases
- gas gangrene
2. bacteremia associated with malignancy
Clostridium septicum
- for diseases, are the mortality rates high or low and can therapy make a difference
- High
- early recognition and proper therapy can make a significant difference in mortality
Clostridium sordellii
- gram stain
chaining GPR, with lots of free spores
Clostridium sordellii
- Plate morphology
very irregular colonies
Clostridium tetani
- gram stain
GPRs with LARGE terminal spores
Clostridium tetani
- plate morphology
Irregular shaped colonies, “course ground glass”
Tetanus
- another name/ what does it cause
- infection or intoxication
- Lockjaw
- intoxication
Clostridium botulinum
- three infections
- Foodborne
- Infant botulism (floppy baby syndrome)
- Wound botulism
Foodborne C. botulinum
- found in what foods
- infection or intoxication
- what occurs from disease
- treatment
- home canned foods
- intoxication
- descending “flaccid paralysis”
- Antitoxin
Infant botulism causes by C. botulinum
- another name
- what food is implicated
- infection or intoxication
- Floppy Baby Syndrome
- Honey
- Infection
Clostridium sporogenes
- lipase reaction
positive
Clostridium sporogenes
- gram stain
GPR with subterminal and free spores
Clostridium sporogenes
- colony morphology
can swarm (filamentous, medusa head colonies)
Clostridium difficile
- normal flora
intestinal flora
Clostridium difficile
- plate morphology
Large colonies, irregular edge and shape, raised yellowish to grey-white with a COARSE “CIS”
Clostridium difficile
- GLC
GLC = a…IC (lots of peaks in-between)
C. difficile disease an _______ ________ diarrhea
antibiotic associated
What is true about C. difficile disease’s mortality
bloody diarrhea can be fatal
Why does C. difficile disease potentially serious threat to immunocompromised patients?
spores on hands, bed sheets, surfaces in hospital environment
Clostridium difficile
- two major toxins
- Toxin A = enterotoxin
2. Toxin B = cytotoxin
Two ways to identify Clostridium difficile
- Rapid real-time PCR
2. Gold standard toxigenic culture for C diff and ID - but too slow
Rapid real-time PCR assays for which of Clostridium difficile’s toxins
Toxin B
Clostridium clostridioforme
- gram stain
GPR that more commonly stains gram negative; tapered ends - football shaped
Indole
- what does a positive and negative reaction look like
Postive: red color
Negative: no color change
Gelatin Test
- how do you perform the test?
Gelatin liquefaction. Place tube in refrigerator for 20 minutes and check for liquefaction
Gelatin Test
- Postive and negative reactions
Positive: liquid
Weak pos: semisolid or partial liquid
Negative: solid
Milk test
- what are we testing for
milk proteolysis by visually inspection
Milk test
- results
Milk is solid: CURD
Milk is clear: DIGESTION
Milk is solid w/ some clearing: Curd and Digestion
Milk has no change: NC
