BBL: Case 3 Flashcards
Anatomical regions of the GI tracts
- Esophagus
- Stomach (Few bacteria because of decreased pH)
- Small intestine (Duodemnum, Jejunum, Ileum)
- Large intestine
- Colon (Caecum, ascending, transverse, descending)
- Sigmoid
- Rectum
Clinical signs of dehydration
- Sunken eyes
- dry mouth
- decrease in urine
- “tenting” of skin
- orthostatic hypotension (and fainting)
- kidney failure
Campylobacter
- source
- disease?
- Food (especially chicken)
- Guillen-Barre
Salmonella
- source
Food: Chicken, Reptiles (iguanas and turtles), birds
Shigella
- source
person to person especially in daycare centers; fecal oral; low infecting dose (ID-50 = # organisms takes to infect 50% of people) Very low ID50
Vibrio
- source
- Disease
- Shellfish, salt water
- agent of Cholera; rice water stools; see Cholera after flood/disasters
V. parahaemolyticus
- source
- disease
sea food, most common in the US (because we eat shellfish)
V. vulnificus
- source
- disease
Raw oysters
- causes septicemia more often
Clostridium difficile
- source
- disease
- antibiotic associated; found a lot in the hospitals (nosocomial); normal flora but can be bad
- Pseudomembraneous colitis
Yersinia enterocolicia
- source
- disease
- meats and dairy products; able to grow at 4C - appendicitis-like illness (kids get appendix out but find out it was not causing the problem!)
Helicobacter pylori
- source
- disease
- oral to oral/fecal oral
- peptic ulcers
Plesiomonas and Aeromonas
both cause gastroenteritis, unusual fermenting GNR’s; Oxidase positive
S. aureus
- source
picnics
C. botulinum
canned foods and honey (infants)
Bacillus Cereus
Fried Rice
Clostridium Perfringens
(big anaerobe) meat and gravy
Salmonella Typhi
- source
- disease
- humans only known host
- Typhoid fever (Enteric fever)
Most common aerobe in the GI?
E. coli
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
- infant diarrhea (developing countries)
- non-invasive (non-bloody diarrhea)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
- Other names?
- Do we grow it in culture?
- Traveler’s Diarrhea (Montezuma’s Revenge)
- Self-limiting
- Do not grow in culture
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
- Descrive its invasiveness
- Do we culture it?
- Similar to Shigella: invades into mucosal cells of intestine…not through to blood
- No culture
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
- other names?
- pathogenicity?
- Diseases
- Do we culture?
- Shiga toxin (STEC); Verotoxin (VTEC)
- pathogenicity comes from cytotoxins
- Hemorrhagic colitis; Hemolytic-uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- ??? Culture or Shiga toxin testing to identify
What is the leading cause of acute renal failure in children?
HUS
Should you treat EHEC (STEC/VTEC) with antibiotics?
NO! avoid treatment with antibiotics because it releases the toxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC/STEC/VTEC)
- source of infection
- Major: hamburger
- fruits, vegetables, water
Two organisms that invade into the mucosa?
***Salmonella and EIEC
Two organisms that invade into the blood from the mucosa?
***Salmonella tiphi and Vibrio vulnificus
