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Immuno Block Mid Term 1 > T-Cell Biology > Flashcards

T-Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

CD4+ cell info

A

65% of T cells in blood

Can differentiate into Th1,2, or 17

middlemen of adaptive immune response

interact with MHC class II

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2
Q

CD8+ cell info

A

release cytolytic enzymes like granzyme and perforin to destroy cells via apoptosis

target virally infected cells and tumor cells and interact with MHC class 1

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3
Q

places of T lymphocyte maturation

A

bone marrow to thymus to blood/periphery

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4
Q

names of T lymphocyte stages of maturation

A 
stem cell (marrow) (double negative b/c no cd4 or 8)
pro-T (thymus)
Pre-T (thymus)
double positive (Cd4 and cd8) (thymus)
Single positive (one of cd4/8) (thymus)
naive mature T cell (periphery)
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5
Q

double negative thymocytes importance

A

no cd4 or 8 but up regulate the production of the membrane glycoproteins which is followed by TCR gene arrangement and then generation

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6
Q

positive selection in thymus

A

double positive thymocytes are tested to see if they will bind self MHC class I and II molecules…those that bind with low or moderate affinity are allowed to keep on developing

those that do not recognize the MHC I or II molecules or bind them too tightly will be destroyed

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7
Q

negative selection in thymic education

A

medulla thymic epithelial cells then ask the developing T lymphocytes if they recognize self antigens…those that bind any self peptide with high affinity will be destroyed

leads to tolerance of our own proteins…

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8
Q

1st signal in T cell binding

A

this is signal when the TCR successfully binds to the MHC molecule and the peptide presented

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9
Q

2nd signal in T cell binding

A

complete T cell activation…is the interaction of CD28 from the T cell and B7 from the antigen presenting cell surface

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10
Q

anergism

A

when T cell does not have second signal in pathway…no CD28 or B7 activation …the T cells are no longer responsive to antigen stimulation

“mechanism of self tolerance induction”

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11
Q

CD3 proteins

A

proteins with long cytoplasmic tails that are associated with the TCR complex

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12
Q

immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motifs (ITAMs)

A

on ends of CD3 proteins in the TCR complex, phosphorylated once the TCR has bound

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13
Q

importance TCR/MHC complex and CD28 for IL-2

A

drive initiation (complex) and expression (CD28)

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14
Q

CD25

A

this is the IL-2 receptor and when IL-2 binds the CD25 it promotes cell division

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15
Q

CD40 ligand and receptor

A

ligand found on helper T cell (CD4) and the receptor on a macrophage…it enhances the activation of the macrophage

receptor can also be found on a B lymphocyte and will lead to antibody secretions

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16
Q

dendritic cells role in adaptive immune response

A

the dendritic cells are in charge of telling the CD4 helper cells what cytokines they are going to make…

if the CD4 cells are the quarterback then the dendritic cells are the coach

17
Q

Th1 Cell cytokines

A

IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha

18
Q

Th1 cell immune reactions

A

activate macrophages, increase IgG production, blocks Th2 cell development

19
Q

Th1 cell host defenses

A

intracellular microbes, mainly bacterial

20
Q

Th2 cell cytokines

A

IL-4,5,13

21
Q

Th2 cell immune reactions

A

mast cell, eosinophil activation, IgE production, macrophage activation

22
Q

Th2 cell host defenses

A

helminthic parasites

23
Q

Th17 cell cytokines

A

IL-17, 22

24
Q

Th17 immune reactions

A

neutrophilic, monocytic, and inflammation

25
Q

Th 17 host defenses

A

extracellular bacteria and fungi

26
Q

early source of IL-4 in the Th2 cell pathway

A

basophils

27
Q

IL-4 roles in immune response for Th2

A

promotes B cell proliferation, IgE class switching, recruits eosinophils, blocks Th1 cell differentiation

28
Q

IL-5 roles in immune response for Th2

A

elicits B cell growth, activates eosinophils and enhances IgE production

29
Q

cytokines needed for Th17 growth

A

IL-6 and TGF-beta

30
Q

Two ways CD4 cells help activate CD8 cells?

A
  1. can make cytokines that stimulate CD8 differentiation

2. can enhance the ability of APCs to stimulate CD8 differentiation

31
Q

Do CD8 cells use the B7/CD28 signal?

A

yes, they also must experience the two signal step to be activated

32
Q

CD8 cell or cytotoxic cell mechanism to apoptosis

A

antigen binding recognizes a target cell and binds to it…once bound granule exocytosis from CD8 cell…the perforin then helps granzyme enter into the target cell and granzyme induces apoptosis

33
Q

high T cell levels autoimmune disease?

A

systemic lupus

34
Q

low T cell level disease?

A

HIV/AIDS

35
Q

T cell activation by bacterial shock…what happens?

A

massive T cell response…toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning etc.

36
Q

cytokines needed for Th1 cell differentiation?

A

IL-12 and IFN-gamma

Immuno Block Mid Term 1 (16 decks)

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