Innate Natural Barriers Flashcards
chemical agents of the skin
cethelicidins, defensins, dermicidin, acidic pH
langerhans cells of the skin
dendritic cells within the keratinocytes, contain Birbeck granules within
function as antigen presenting cells in immune response
organization of lumen and surrounding tissue
lumen to epithelial to loose connective tissue (lamina propria) to muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle)
then to submucosa with dense irregular CT
Muscularis externa with smooth muscls
external layer with adventilia and serosa (two loose connective tissues)
tight junction function and proteins
keeps things from passing between cells bidirectionally
made of claudins and occludins
zonula adherens function and proteins
adherens junction, binds to actin of cytoskeleton
uses cadherins
Desmosome function and proteins
binds cells together
made of desmoplakins and plakoglobins
Gap junction function and proteins
communicating junction
made of connexins
hemidesmosomes function and proteins
bind cells to basement membrane
mucosal defense in intestine
pH, pancreatic enzymes, bile, intestinal secretions, mucus, lysozymes, normal flora, lymph tissue
lysozymes
antimicrobial enzyme that aims for the cell wall or Peptidoglycan
found in eyes, saliva, SI and any place where bacteria can enter through a hole
M-Cell process in the gut
M cells can bind antigens in the gut lumen, when they do they transcytose them and let them interact with dendritic cells that can then activate helper T cells which stimulate B cells to make plasma cells that can ultimately produce IgA that can go into lumen and attach antigens
IgA importance
able to go into lumen of gut because it is resistant to proteolytic enzymes
mucosal immunity in oral cavity examples
physical barrier of skin, skin is sloughed off constantly preventing biofilms, has langerhans cells and lymphocytes
in lamina propria have macrophages and dendritic cells that uptake antigens and take to surrounding lymph tissue
saliva immune products
lysozyme, lactoferrin, histatins, salivary IgA, tonsils, peroxidase to convert hydrogen peroxide from microbes
Lactoferrin
in saliva, complexes with iron which bacteria like, so keeps nutrients from them
Histatins
inhibits growth of candida albicans, and streptococcus mutans (dental caries)
salivary IgA
aggregates oral bacteria, prevents dental plaques
pemphigus vulgaris
desomsomes, skin comes off, oral blisters, blisters erupt, fatal
Bullous pemphigoid
hemidesmosomes, skin does not come off, not oral, blisters
respiratory immune defenses
mucus clearance by coordinated secretion of mucins and proteins, sufficient water for hydration, beating cilia, sneezing/coughing
respiratory protective antimicrobial factors
antioxidants, defensins, lactoferrins, lysozyme
sentinel cell
alveolar macrophage, first line of defense in respiratory
vaginal immune protection
epithelia secrete glycogen that gets converted into acid to make acidic environment, and has some antimicrobial factors
urinary tract immune protection
longer male urethra makes it harder to navigate
cleansing 4X per day
Sterile urine kills bacteria
eye immune protection
tears have lysozyme
blinking
apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands
Tear film
from secretions of the conjuctiva and cornea, bathes eyes with tears that have lysozyme which can be antimicrobial and then drains to nasal passage
