Immune Assays

Question 1

complete blood count with differential

Answer 1

gets you number of cells and the morhpology of cells

often the first test to be run in immune disorders

Question 2

inflammatory markers test

Answer 2

test for marker of inflammation like C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 3

chemistry panels

Answer 3

used to check organ system and functions like liver and kidney

includes urinalysis

Question 4

Serum Ig level test

Answer 4

tests for level of Igs in the serum…almost always order up front because a lot of deficiencies have a low serum Ig

pay attention to if all are high or low or if just one is high.low

IgA is most common immune deficiency

Question 5

antibody titers

Answer 5

provide estimation of the amount of antibodies to a specific pathogen

can be response to protein antigens and polysaccharides

Question 6

pneumococcal titers

Answer 6

a polysaccharide vaccine is given to kids to combat strep pneumo which is most common cause of ENT infections in kids…give titer to check if antibodies working

Question 7

Isohemagglutinins

Answer 7

the gut flora provides presentation of other blood types so the body can make antibodies from response to polysaccharides of gut flora and these different blood type antigens

Question 8

Flow cytometry

Answer 8

most often used to quantify the numbers of lymphocytes

Question 9

CD16/56

Answer 9

cell markers for NK cells

Question 10

CD3

Answer 10

cell marker for T cells

Question 11

CD19

Answer 11

cell marker for B cells

Question 12

Most common T cell function assays

Answer 12

called mitogen testing to see if they will proliferate

Question 13

Mitogen testing

Answer 13

measure T cells functionality, add a mitogen that makes it proliferate and then add a tritiated thymidine to be able to see

Question 14

cutaneous delayed type Hypersensitivity

Answer 14

an in vivo test of cellular immunity
intadermal injection of antigen to which individual has been exposed (candida, tetanus)

positive means antigen taken up and interacts with CD4 cells and cytokines etc
leads to skin lesion that is visible

Question 15

NBT test

Answer 15

after CBC reveals presence of neutrophils, if wondering about function you run this test

Question 16

CH50 test

Answer 16

gives you a complete assessment of the classical component pathway, if reduced then run a specific test for specific complement proteins

Question 17

AH50 test

Answer 17

gives complete assessment of the alternative pathway of complement, this is always done after the CH50 test

Question 18

antigen test different antibodies

Answer 18

capture antibody to attach to the antigen then primary attaches antigen in a different spot then secondary attaches to primary and lights up

Question 19

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Answer 19

can be used for antibody detection and antigen detection

Question 20

What does antigen detection tell you?

Answer 20

a sign of current infection

Question 21

What does antibody detection tell you?

Answer 21

a sign of past infection

Question 22

seroprevalence

Answer 22

percent of people in a population with detectable antibody to a specific pathogen

Question 23

Tests for Tb

Answer 23

PPD skin test with PPD protein, false positives from BCG vaccines

IGRA- interferon gamma release assay…better than PPD