Cytokines Flashcards
cytokine definition
cytokines are small soluble proteins that are produced in response to an antigen and function as chemical messengers for regulating the innate and adaptive immune response
what cells make cytokines?
pretty much all cells in innate and adaptive immunity but mainly helper T cells
pleiotropy of cytokines
some cytokines can act on multiple different cells
four categories of cytokines
innate responses
adaptive responses
chemokines for directed cell migration
stimulate hematopoeisis
TNF
innate immunity cytokine
from macrophages and T cells
activates endothelial cells and neutophils in acute immune response, targets hypothalamus for fever, targets liver for production of acute phase proteins, targets muscle and fat for catabolism, and helps apoptosis
IL-1
innate immunity cytokine
from macrophages, endothelial cells and epithelial cells
activates inflammation in endothelial cells, hypothalamus for fever, liver for acute phase proteins, T cells for Th17 differentiation
chemokines
innate immunity cytokine
from macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, T lymphs, fibroblasts, platelets
increase integrin affinity in leukocytes, chemotaxis for leukocytes and activation
IL-12
innate immunity cytokine
from dendritic cells and macrophages
increases IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic activity in NK and T cells, T cells Th1 differentiation
IFN-gamma
innate and adaptive immunity cytokine
from NK cells and T cells, CD4 and CD8
activate macrophages and stimulate antibody responses
IFN-alpha
innate immunity cytokine
from dendritic cells and macrophages
helps all cells notice virals, increase class I MHC expression, activates NK cells
IFN-beta
innate immunity cytokine
from fibroblasts
helps all cells notice virals, increase class I MHC expression, activates NK cells
IL-10
innate immunity cytokine
from macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells
inhibits IL12 production in macrophages and dendritic cells, reduces expression of MHCII molecules
IL-6
innate immunity cytokine
from macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
helps liver synthesize acute phase proteins, and helps B cells proliferate to make antibodies
IL-15
innate immunity cytokine
from macrophages and others
helps NK cells proliferate, and T cells too
IL-18
innate immunity cytokine
from macrophages
helps NK and T cells produce IFN-gamma
TGF-beta
innate and adaptive immunity cytokine
from many cells, specifically CD4 T cells
inhibits inflammation, helps T cells differentiate Th17 and regulatory T cells
IL-2
adaptive immunity cytokine
from activated T cells
helps T cell proliferate, and helps regulatory T cells survive
IL-4
adaptive immunity cytokine
from CD4 T cells, mast cells
helps B cells switching to IgE
IL-5
adaptive immunity cytokine
from CD4 T cells, mast cells, and lymphoid cells
activates eosinophils
IL-17
adaptive immunity cytokine
from CD4 T cells and others
stimulates the acute inflammation
IL-22
adaptive immunity cytokine
from CD4 T cells, NK cells and innate lymphoid cells
maintenance of epithelial barrier function
CXCL8 or IL-8
chemokine
recruits neutrophils
CXCL2 or MIP-2
chemokine
recruits naive T cells
CCL2 or MCP-1
chemokine
activates and recruits macrophages
IL-3
hematopoeisis cytokine
from T cells
supports growth of multilineage bone marrow stem cells
Colony stimulating factor
hematopoeisis cytokine
promotes production of colonies of different leukocytes in bone marrow and enhances their activity
can be granulocyte macrophage, macrophage, and granulocyte colony stimulating factors
IL-7
hematopoeisis cytokine
made by fibroblasts and bone marrow stroma cells
helps immature B and T cells survive and proliferate
rheumatoid arthritis and biologics mechanism
the biologics are most commonly used to target the TNF cytokine
