Systemic factors Flashcards
what factors do we know of that cause periodontal disease
host immune response, local and systemic factors, and bacterial plaque
what are contributing systemic risk factors
conditions, habits, or disease that increase an individuals susceptibility to periodontal infection
system factors ____ or ______ the host response
modifies or amplifies
what is the number one factor that most affects progression of perio
tobacco
what are a few systemic risk factors?
- tobacco use
- diabetes
- ostoporosis
- hormone alterations
- AIDS
- leukemia
- obesity
- genetics
what are the three types of diabetes
- type 1-insulin dependent
- type 2-non-insulin dependent
- gestational-occurs during pregnancy
individuals with ____ or ____ diabetes are more likely to have perio disease than people without disease
un-diagnosed or uncontrolled
T/F: patients with well-controlled diabetes have a better chance of perio disease than persons without diabetes
False: the risk is the same
perio disease is considered the ___ complication of unctrolled diabetes
6th
people with uncontrolled or poorly controlled blood glucose levels have an increased risk for developing what?
- acute periodontal abcesses
- bone loss
- more sugar in gingival crevicular fluid
what effects does poorly controlled diabetes have on the periodontium?
- reduced PMN function and defective chemotaxis
- Higher levels of PGE2
- AGE (excessive formation of accumulated glycation end products)
characteristics of AGE
- derived from reaction of glucose and proteins
- collagen is less likely to be repaired or made
- AGE may contribute to chronic health complications
oral signs of diabetes
- xerostomia
- burning tongue
- present with periodontal abscesses
is diabetes well controlled if the blood glucose levels are stabilized within the recommended range?
yes
what is leukemia
cancer of the blood forming tissue
oral manifestations of leukemia
ulcerations, palatal petechiae, fiery red gingival tissues
define NUG and NUP
NUG: tissue necrosis limited to gingiva
NUP: usually an indication of severe immune suppression
what is LGE? response to periodontal instrumentation?
Linear Gingival Erthema: 2-3 mm red band along gingival margin
-does NOT response to perio instrumentation and daily oral hygiene
what species is associated with LGE
candida
LGE has reduced ____ and ____ and increased numbers of IgG plasma cells and PMNs
T-cells and macrophages
T/F: osteoporosis initates tissue destruction and aggravate the progression of perio disease
False: it does not initiate tissue destruction
when can changes in hormone alterations occur?
- puberty
- pregnancy
- menopause
- birth control pill
increased in hormones causes ____ blood circulation to gingival tissues
increased
puberty has an association with what?
serum levels of testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone and prevotella intermedia, P nigrescens and capnocytophaga species which causes increased bleeding and inflammation
is it possbile for pre-existing gingivations to cause increased inflammation during menstruation?
yes
when is progesterone highest?
before menstruation
exaggerated response to ____ amounts of plaque during pregnancy. what patients does this occur in?
small
-occurs in patients who have gingivitis before becoming pregnant
liklihood of gingivitis increases in ____ month when circulating hormones related to pregnancy increase in bloodstream
2nd month
incidence of gingivitis is highest in ___ month when circulating hormones peak
8th month
prevotella intermedia causes elevated levels of what, suppresses what, and what is depressed?
- elevated progesterone and estrogen levels
- suppresses immune response
- No PMN and chemotaxis and phagocytes depressed
what is pyogenic granuloma?
pregnancy tumor
does the pregnancy tumor go away after baby is born?
yes
when is it safest to treat someone who is pregnant?
2nd trimester
is it possible for the oral bacteria to be passed cross the placenta and harm the fetus?
yes
T/F: pregnant women with periodontal disease are not as likely to have a premature delivery
false they are 7 times more likely to have a premature baby
____ plays a role in periodontal inflammation and in regulating onset of labor
prostaglandin E2
research shows that there is no relationship with _____ being used today and increased gingivitis
low dose contraceptive
should women with aggressive periodontitist take the pill?why?
no because it might lead to more advanced disease
individuals with defective PMN production have increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections such as:
- oral ulcerations
- gingivitis
- periodontitist
T/F: Il-1-genotype is a stronger risk factor than smoking
False. smoking is
xerostomia can cause?
- oral candadiasis
- root surface caries
- excess plaque
drugs with xeriostomia effects?
- antihypertensives
- narcotic analgescis
- diuretics
- tranquilizers
- sedatives
- antimetabolites
gingival fibroblasts overproduce collagen matrix when stimulated by gingival inflammation. This is side effects of what?
- anticonsulsants
- immunosuppressants
- calcium channel blockers
phenytoin effects are commonly seen where?
seen in facial aspect of maxillary
examples of drugs for:
- anticonsultants
- immunosuppressive
- calcium channel blocker
- phenytoin
- cyclosporine
- nifedipine
can gingival overgrowth be removed? does it come back?
yes with lasers
reoccurs within 1-2 years even in the presence of good plaque control
