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Periodontology > Search for causes of Perio Disease > Flashcards

Search for causes of Perio Disease Flashcards

1
Q

define epidemiology

A

study of health and disease within the total population rather than an individual

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2
Q

what are risk factors

A

anything that increases the host susceptibility to perio disease

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3
Q

name 5 risk factors for perio

A
  1. heredity
  2. personal behavior
  3. physical environment
  4. socioeconomic status
  5. gender: males have more perio than females
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4
Q

why do epidemiologists study perio disease? (2)

A
  1. determine its occurrence in the population

2. identify risk factors for perio disease

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5
Q

what is prevalence?

A

number of ALL cases of a disease (old and new) that are identified in a specific population at a given point of time

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6
Q

what is incidence?

A

number of NEW disease cases in a population that occurs during a specific interval of time

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7
Q

perio level in regard to:
education
age
access to dental care

A

education: increased perio on lower level education
age: older you are, more perio
access to dental care: barriers such as driving or paying

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8
Q

T/F: it is easier to evaluate a population for perio disease than caries

A

false: easier to evaluate caries

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9
Q

what variables must we consider when evaluating perio disease?

A

tissue color changes and swelling
degree of bleeding
probe depths

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10
Q

what is one of the most widespread diseases in adults

A

perio disease

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11
Q

before 1960, clinicians believed ____ was a mechanical irritant to tissues that caused perio disease

A

calculus

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12
Q

before 1960: _____ + _____ = disease

A

calculus deposits + tooth = disease

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13
Q

between 1975-1985: ___ + ______ =disease

A

bacteria + tooth = disease

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14
Q

the interaction of ______ controls whether disease is present or not

A

the host and the pathogenic bacteria

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15
Q

what are 3 factors that increase host susceptibility to perio disease

A
  1. oral conditions (crowding)
  2. systemic disease (diabetes)
  3. genetics
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16
Q

the current views are that professional prophylaxis is scheduled how often?

A

as frequently as needed

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17
Q

if there is no improvement in the patients mouth, whos fault is it?

A

it is not the patients fault

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18
Q

current views: _____ + ______ = disease

A

bacteria + host response to bacterial infection = disease

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19
Q

disease progression means ____

A

disease gets worse

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20
Q

what theory is used to understand how untreated perio progresses

A

intermittent progression theory

21
Q

does destruction occur in all parts of the mouth at the same time?

A

no

22
Q

risk factors are factors that ____ or ____ the liklihood of developing perio disease

A

modify or amplify

23
Q

what are the major established risk factors for perio

A
  1. bacterial pathogens
  2. cigarette smoking
  3. local oral conditions
  4. diabetes mellitus
24
Q

the _____ to bacteria is responsible for tissue destruction seen in periodontist

A

body’s response

25
Q

_____ are etiologic agents in perio disease

A

bacteria

26
Q

what part of the mouth harbors the most bacteria

A

the tongue

27
Q

T/F: most bacteria are harmful

A

false; most are innocuous (not harmful)

28
Q

what is the most abundant type of cell

A

bacteria

29
Q

top 4 places where bacteria are found

A
  1. sponge
  2. money
  3. cell phone
  4. keyboard
30
Q

type of bacteria according to shape: cocci, bacilli, vibrios, spirilla, spirochetes

A

cocci: circular, round
bacilli: rods
vibrios: rods
spirilla: spiral shaped
spirochetes: long, slender, slightly coiled

31
Q

what is a cell wall

A

tough protective layer that encloses bacteria

32
Q

____ bacteria require oxygen to live, while ____ bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen

A

aerobic, anerobic

33
Q

____ bacteria can exist with or without oxygen

A

facultative

34
Q 
organisms as disease progresses:
nonmotile---
gram +---
aerobic---
cocci---
less leukocytes----
A 
motile
gram -
anerobic
rods
more PMNs
35
Q

free floating bacteria are also known as?

A

planktonic

36
Q

T/F: 99% of bacteria on Earth are attached

A

True

37
Q

most bacteria live in complex communities called ____

A

biofilm

38
Q

bacteria form rapidly on almost any ___ surface

A

wet

39
Q

approximately ____ different bacterial species and subspecies are capable of colonizing the mouth

A

700

40
Q

In Health: what is the number of bacteria and how many are gram +

A

100-1000 healthy bacteria

and 75-80% are gram +

41
Q

In Gingivitis: what is the number of bacteria from one site, and how many gram + and gram -.

A

1000-100,000 bacteria

and equal portions of gram - and gram +

42
Q

In periodontitist: what is the number of bacteria from one site, and are gram + or gram - found in chronic perio?

A

100,000 to 100,000,000 bacteria from one site

and mostly gram - and motile bacteria found in chronic perio, as well as anerobic

43
Q

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans AA is associated with what type of perio, and capable of what?

A

found in aggressive perio and 25% of chronic perio

capable of evading normal host immune response and destroying gingival connective tissue and bone

44
Q

Tannerella forsythus (bf) has what significance with perio, and is the most common species in what cells

A

most significant risk factor that distinguishes individuals with perio from those who are healthy
most commonly found in epithelial cells recovered from perio pockets

45
Q

porphyromonas gingivalis pg is found in what type of perio and is commonly seen in what type of disease sites. It can also inhibit migration of what

A

found in low numbers in health in gingivitis
found more frequently in aggressive forms of perio
commonly seen in disease sites that are worsening
can inhibit migration of PMNs across the epithelial barrier

46
Q

____ is the transfer of periodontal pathogens from the oral cavity of one person to another.

A

transmission

47
Q

what is the primary way saliva and its bacterial contents are transmitted

A

kissing

48
Q

define communicable

A

a disease that may be passed from one person to another by direct or indirect contact via substances such as inanimate object

Periodontology (28 decks)

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