Search for causes of Perio Disease Flashcards
define epidemiology
study of health and disease within the total population rather than an individual
what are risk factors
anything that increases the host susceptibility to perio disease
name 5 risk factors for perio
- heredity
- personal behavior
- physical environment
- socioeconomic status
- gender: males have more perio than females
why do epidemiologists study perio disease? (2)
- determine its occurrence in the population
2. identify risk factors for perio disease
what is prevalence?
number of ALL cases of a disease (old and new) that are identified in a specific population at a given point of time
what is incidence?
number of NEW disease cases in a population that occurs during a specific interval of time
perio level in regard to:
education
age
access to dental care
education: increased perio on lower level education
age: older you are, more perio
access to dental care: barriers such as driving or paying
T/F: it is easier to evaluate a population for perio disease than caries
false: easier to evaluate caries
what variables must we consider when evaluating perio disease?
tissue color changes and swelling
degree of bleeding
probe depths
what is one of the most widespread diseases in adults
perio disease
before 1960, clinicians believed ____ was a mechanical irritant to tissues that caused perio disease
calculus
before 1960: _____ + _____ = disease
calculus deposits + tooth = disease
between 1975-1985: ___ + ______ =disease
bacteria + tooth = disease
the interaction of ______ controls whether disease is present or not
the host and the pathogenic bacteria
what are 3 factors that increase host susceptibility to perio disease
- oral conditions (crowding)
- systemic disease (diabetes)
- genetics
the current views are that professional prophylaxis is scheduled how often?
as frequently as needed
if there is no improvement in the patients mouth, whos fault is it?
it is not the patients fault
current views: _____ + ______ = disease
bacteria + host response to bacterial infection = disease
disease progression means ____
disease gets worse
what theory is used to understand how untreated perio progresses
intermittent progression theory
does destruction occur in all parts of the mouth at the same time?
no
risk factors are factors that ____ or ____ the liklihood of developing perio disease
modify or amplify
what are the major established risk factors for perio
- bacterial pathogens
- cigarette smoking
- local oral conditions
- diabetes mellitus
the _____ to bacteria is responsible for tissue destruction seen in periodontist
body’s response
_____ are etiologic agents in perio disease
bacteria
what part of the mouth harbors the most bacteria
the tongue
T/F: most bacteria are harmful
false; most are innocuous (not harmful)
what is the most abundant type of cell
bacteria
top 4 places where bacteria are found
- sponge
- money
- cell phone
- keyboard
type of bacteria according to shape: cocci, bacilli, vibrios, spirilla, spirochetes
cocci: circular, round
bacilli: rods
vibrios: rods
spirilla: spiral shaped
spirochetes: long, slender, slightly coiled
what is a cell wall
tough protective layer that encloses bacteria
____ bacteria require oxygen to live, while ____ bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen
aerobic, anerobic
____ bacteria can exist with or without oxygen
facultative
organisms as disease progresses: nonmotile--- gram +--- aerobic--- cocci--- less leukocytes----
motile gram - anerobic rods more PMNs
free floating bacteria are also known as?
planktonic
T/F: 99% of bacteria on Earth are attached
True
most bacteria live in complex communities called ____
biofilm
bacteria form rapidly on almost any ___ surface
wet
approximately ____ different bacterial species and subspecies are capable of colonizing the mouth
700
In Health: what is the number of bacteria and how many are gram +
100-1000 healthy bacteria
and 75-80% are gram +
In Gingivitis: what is the number of bacteria from one site, and how many gram + and gram -.
1000-100,000 bacteria
and equal portions of gram - and gram +
In periodontitist: what is the number of bacteria from one site, and are gram + or gram - found in chronic perio?
100,000 to 100,000,000 bacteria from one site
and mostly gram - and motile bacteria found in chronic perio, as well as anerobic
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans AA is associated with what type of perio, and capable of what?
found in aggressive perio and 25% of chronic perio
capable of evading normal host immune response and destroying gingival connective tissue and bone
Tannerella forsythus (bf) has what significance with perio, and is the most common species in what cells
most significant risk factor that distinguishes individuals with perio from those who are healthy
most commonly found in epithelial cells recovered from perio pockets
porphyromonas gingivalis pg is found in what type of perio and is commonly seen in what type of disease sites. It can also inhibit migration of what
found in low numbers in health in gingivitis
found more frequently in aggressive forms of perio
commonly seen in disease sites that are worsening
can inhibit migration of PMNs across the epithelial barrier
____ is the transfer of periodontal pathogens from the oral cavity of one person to another.
transmission
what is the primary way saliva and its bacterial contents are transmitted
kissing
define communicable
a disease that may be passed from one person to another by direct or indirect contact via substances such as inanimate object
