Diseases of the Gingiva Flashcards
T/F: if one area of the tooth is bleeding it is not gingivitist
false; it is gingivitist
why do we classify the patient as health, gingivitis, or perio?
to communicate clinical findings, formulate treatment plan, predict treatment outcomes
what are the two categories of gingival diseases
- dental plaque induced
2. non-plaque induced
what are some of the main categories of periodontitist
- chronic perio
- aggressive perio
- manifestation of systemic diseases
- endodontic lesions
- developmental or acquired deformities or conditions such as occlusal trauma
Bacterial species elevated in gingivitist
- Gram + Rods: actinomyces naeslundii III
- Gram + Cocci: streptococcus anginosis and sanguis
- Gram - Rods: Campylobacter consisus
characteristics common to all gingival diseases
- signs of inflammation
- no attachment loss
- plaque biofilm initiates the inflammation
- inflammation reversible
- may progress to perio if untreated
plaque-induced gingivitist characteristics
- most common form
- bleeding upon probing
- damage reversible
- no attachment loss in gingivitis
- radiographs reveal no changes in the height of bone
what is it when patients who have been successfully treated for perio come back at a later date and the patient develops gingivitis and periodontitist is not present
plaque-induced gingivitis on a reduced, but stable periodontium
characteristics of plaque-induced gingivitis on a reduced, but stable periodontium
- pre-existing bone loss from previous perio
- plaque at gingival margin
- bleeding upon probing/inflammation
what is pre-implant gingivitis
- gingival inflammation around a dental implant
- similar findings to plaque-induced gingivitis
3 main categories of gingival diseases with modifying factors
- systemic factors
- medications
- malnutrition
examples of systemic gingivitis and characteristics
- puberty: signs of inflammation seem exaggerated in relation to the amount of plaque present
- pregnancy: exaggerated inflammatory response during 2nd and 3rd trimesters
- Leukemia: exaggerated inflammatory response to plaque resulting in increased bleeding and tissue enlargement
what is pregnancy-associated pyogenic granuloma?
- common in maxilla and interproximally
- growths are not cancerous
- exaggerated response to irritation
- can occur anytime during pregnancy
- growth regresses after giving birth
gingival diseases can be modified by what medications?
- phenytoin
- cyclosporine A
- certain calcium channel blockers
meticulous plaque control can reduce but _______ eliminate gingival overgrowth
will not
does gingival disease modified by medications have a higher prevalence in children or adults?
children
where is enlargement first observed when taking medications?
at the interdental papilla
what limits the severity of overgrowth?
good daily plaque control
gingival diseases modified by malnutrition involve what nutrients?
- ascorbic acid deficiency-breakdown of collagen fibers
- B complex-for health mucosal tissues
- Vitamin A-maintains healthy sulcular epi cells
treatment considerations for plaque-induced gingival diseases
- patient ed
- root debridement
- correct local factors
- surgical correction
- reassess
do non-plaque induced gingival lesions disappear when plaque is removed?
no, the lesions stay present
what are gingival disease of specific bacterial origin?
- neisseria gonorrhea-associated lesions
- treponema pallidum-associated lesions
- streptococcal species-associated lesions
T/F: gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin are usually periodontal pathogens
False; they are not considered perio pathogens
what are gingival diseases of viral origin?
- herpes virus infection
- primary herpetic gingivostomatitist
- recurrent oral herpes
- varicella zoster infections
characteristics of primary herpetic gingivostomatitist
- initial oral infection with the herpes simplex virus
- usually affects young children but may affect adults
- contagious infection
- vesicles rupture to form painful ulcers
- once infected, most people develop immunity to the virus
- in some individuals it can remain latent and be responsible to recurrent oral herpetic lesions (cold sores)
symptoms of primary herpetic gingivostomatitist
- fiery red marginal gingiva
- painful
- yellowish ulcers surrounded by red halo
- fever
- dehydration
what are gingival diseases of fungal origin
- candida-species infections
- linear gingival erythema
- histoplasmosis
where is gingival disease of fungal disease normally found?
under dentures
where is histoplasmosis found in?
soil and caused by airbone
what is a gingival lesion of genetic origin
hereditary gingival fibromatosis
what is lichen planus
disease of the skin and mucous membranes that may be an allergic or immune reaction
what is erythema multiforme
disorder of the skin and mucous membranes that has swollen lips with crest formation
what are more gingival manifestations of systemic conditions
- allergic reactions to dental restorative materials or to toothpastes
traumatic lesion:
- chemical injury=aspirin burns, smokeless tobacco
- physical injury=toothbrush, toothpicks
- thermal injury=hot pizza
foreign body reactions:
popcorn kernel
