Host Immune Response to Periodontal Pathogens Flashcards
T/F: the presence of periodontal pathogens alone is enough to cause tissue destruction seen in periodontitist
False
_______ is the cuase of nearly all destruction seen in periodontitist
the body’s response to the periodontal pathogens
the body’s defenses are employed to save _____ not to preserve _____
save the life of the host
not preserve the tooth or its supporting periodontal tissues
anti-inflammatory mediators that help the body fight off the effects of the bacterial damage
- IL-4, IL-10, IL-Ira, TIMPS
cytokines signal to the immune system to send more ____ to site of infection
phagocytes
Cytokines are produced by what cells
- PMNs
- Macrophages
- B-lymphocytes
- epithelial cells
- gingival fibroblasts
- osteoblasts
functions of cytokines
- recruit cells to infection site
- increase vascular permeability
- initiate tissue destruction and bone loss
what are the 6 prostaglandins
D E F G H I
macrophage is a major source for which prostaglandin
PGE
functions of prostaglandin
- increase permeability and dilation of blood vessels to increase movement of immune cells
- trigger osteoclasts to destroy alveolar bone
- promote overproduction of destructive MMP enzymes
prostaglandins of the E series initiate most of the ____ destruction in periodontitist
alveolar bone
what are MMPs produced by?
PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts, and JE cells
enzymes act together in the MMP to breakdown what matrix?
connective tissue matrix
function of MMPs in health
facilitate normal turnover of the periodontal connective tissue matrix
why do some people with abundant bacterial plaque exhibit only mild disease
they have a strong immune system
T/F: everyone infected with pathogens will get periodontal disease
False; not everyone will get it
what causes nearly all destruction seen in periodontal disease?
the body’s response to periodontal pathogens
the complex interaction between periodontal pathogens and host response that determine ____ or _____
chronic or acute
where is the most bone destruction and why?
maxillary molars instead of mandibular molars because of 3 roots on max. molars
characteristics of phases in periodontal disease:
- early bacterial accumulation phase
- early gingivitis- plaque overgrowth phase
- established gingivitis-subgingival plaque phase
- periodontitist-tissue destruction phase
how many days after plaque accumulation does early bacterial accumulation begin
2-4 days
early gingivitis phase begins ____ days after plaque accumulation
4-7 days
what are the overall features that happen in the early bacterial phase
- bacteria colonize the tooth
- bacteria initiate host response
- PMNs pass from bloodstream into gingival CT
- PMNs release cytokines that destroy gingival CT
- PMNs migrate into the sulcus and phagocytize bacteria
what are the overall features that happen in the early gingivitis phase
- bacteria penetrate into CT
- PMNs are attracted to site and release more cytokines causing localizes destruction of CT
- macrophages are recruited to the CT
in what phase do epiridges begin?
in the early gingivitis phase
what are the overall features that happen in the established gingivitis phase
- plaque biofilm extends subgingivally
- macrophages and lymphocytes are most numerous in the T and PMNs fight bacteria in sulcus
- host cells produce more toxic chemicals
in the established gingivitis phase plaque accumulation begins ____ days after
15-21 days
what are the overall features that happen in the periodontitis destruction phase
- plaque grows along root surface
- immune response becomes chronic and harm periodontium
- cytokines destroy the CT and PDL fibers
- Cytokines, PGE2, and MMPs destroy CT and bone
- PGE2 initiates bone destruction
what causes most of the tissue destruction in the periodontal tissues?
the body’s immune response to the bacteria
