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Periodontology > Host Immune Response to Periodontal Pathogens > Flashcards

Host Immune Response to Periodontal Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: the presence of periodontal pathogens alone is enough to cause tissue destruction seen in periodontitist

A

False

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2
Q

_______ is the cuase of nearly all destruction seen in periodontitist

A

the body’s response to the periodontal pathogens

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3
Q

the body’s defenses are employed to save _____ not to preserve _____

A

save the life of the host

not preserve the tooth or its supporting periodontal tissues

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4
Q

anti-inflammatory mediators that help the body fight off the effects of the bacterial damage

A
  1. IL-4, IL-10, IL-Ira, TIMPS
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5
Q

cytokines signal to the immune system to send more ____ to site of infection

A

phagocytes

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6
Q

Cytokines are produced by what cells

A
  1. PMNs
  2. Macrophages
  3. B-lymphocytes
  4. epithelial cells
  5. gingival fibroblasts
  6. osteoblasts
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7
Q

functions of cytokines

A
  1. recruit cells to infection site
  2. increase vascular permeability
  3. initiate tissue destruction and bone loss
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8
Q

what are the 6 prostaglandins

A

D E F G H I

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9
Q

macrophage is a major source for which prostaglandin

A

PGE

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10
Q

functions of prostaglandin

A
  1. increase permeability and dilation of blood vessels to increase movement of immune cells
  2. trigger osteoclasts to destroy alveolar bone
  3. promote overproduction of destructive MMP enzymes
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11
Q

prostaglandins of the E series initiate most of the ____ destruction in periodontitist

A

alveolar bone

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12
Q

what are MMPs produced by?

A

PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts, and JE cells

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13
Q

enzymes act together in the MMP to breakdown what matrix?

A

connective tissue matrix

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14
Q

function of MMPs in health

A

facilitate normal turnover of the periodontal connective tissue matrix

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15
Q

why do some people with abundant bacterial plaque exhibit only mild disease

A

they have a strong immune system

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16
Q

T/F: everyone infected with pathogens will get periodontal disease

A

False; not everyone will get it

17
Q

what causes nearly all destruction seen in periodontal disease?

A

the body’s response to periodontal pathogens

18
Q

the complex interaction between periodontal pathogens and host response that determine ____ or _____

A

chronic or acute

19
Q

where is the most bone destruction and why?

A

maxillary molars instead of mandibular molars because of 3 roots on max. molars

20
Q

characteristics of phases in periodontal disease:

A
  1. early bacterial accumulation phase
  2. early gingivitis- plaque overgrowth phase
  3. established gingivitis-subgingival plaque phase
  4. periodontitist-tissue destruction phase
21
Q

how many days after plaque accumulation does early bacterial accumulation begin

A

2-4 days

22
Q

early gingivitis phase begins ____ days after plaque accumulation

A

4-7 days

23
Q

what are the overall features that happen in the early bacterial phase

A
  1. bacteria colonize the tooth
  2. bacteria initiate host response
  3. PMNs pass from bloodstream into gingival CT
  4. PMNs release cytokines that destroy gingival CT
  5. PMNs migrate into the sulcus and phagocytize bacteria
24
Q

what are the overall features that happen in the early gingivitis phase

A
  1. bacteria penetrate into CT
  2. PMNs are attracted to site and release more cytokines causing localizes destruction of CT
  3. macrophages are recruited to the CT
25
Q

in what phase do epiridges begin?

A

in the early gingivitis phase

26
Q

what are the overall features that happen in the established gingivitis phase

A
  1. plaque biofilm extends subgingivally
  2. macrophages and lymphocytes are most numerous in the T and PMNs fight bacteria in sulcus
  3. host cells produce more toxic chemicals
27
Q

in the established gingivitis phase plaque accumulation begins ____ days after

A

15-21 days

28
Q

what are the overall features that happen in the periodontitis destruction phase

A
  1. plaque grows along root surface
  2. immune response becomes chronic and harm periodontium
  3. cytokines destroy the CT and PDL fibers
  4. Cytokines, PGE2, and MMPs destroy CT and bone
  5. PGE2 initiates bone destruction
29
Q

what causes most of the tissue destruction in the periodontal tissues?

A

the body’s immune response to the bacteria

Periodontology (28 decks)

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