Mechanisms of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
what is the primary cause of the destruction seen in periodontitist?
the body’s immune response to plaque biofilm
what activates the body’s immune system?
periodontal pathogens in the biofilm
what causes most of the damage?
inflammation
what are virulence factors?
mechanisms that enable the bacteria to colonize and invade the tissues of the periodontium
what are the two types of virulence factors
- bacteria characteristics
2. products produced by the bacteria
bacterial invasion factors allow bacterium to actively penetrate _____ of the pocket wall and enter the gingival connective tissue
epithelial lining
what is the key factor that differentiates pathogenic from non-pathogenic bacteria?
ability to penetrate or invade
what cells lock on to the peptides and alert the body’s immune system of the bacterial invaders
T-cells
what are exotoxins?
harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell
what are enzymes?
agents that are harmful to the body’s cell
what are biofilm bacteria extremely resistant to?
antibiotics, antimicrobial agents, and the body’s immune system
what protects from drugs and the body’s leukocytes?
extracellular slime layer
bacteria in the deepest layers of the biofilm become ______ because antibiotics only work on bacteria that are active
dormant
how is control of bacteria in dental plaque best achieved by?
physical destruction such as brushing your teeth, and hygienist instruments
what can subgingival biofilm be associated with?
tooth-associated or tissue-associated
what are the 4 types of soft deposits
- materia alba
- food debris
- plaque composition
- acquired pellicle
materia alba: features, how is it removed, factor with perio disease, what is seen under it
- bulky and has a cottage cheese appearance
- easily visible
- removed by vigorous rinsing
- not a major factor in perio disease, but plaque is
- caries are seen under materia alba
Food debris: features, how is it removed, accumulated where at in the mouth
- loosely attached matter, food particles
- accumulation in embrasures, and around ortho bands
- removal by floss or other adjuncts
- provides favorable environment for plaque growth
what percent of water is plaque made of?
80%
if bacteria want to join a biofilm, it should look for what conditions?
a group of bacteria attached to the tooth surface
T/F: bacteria are necessary but not capable of causing perio
true
what is the predominant organism in periodontitist
gram negative anerobic rods
