Inflammatory response Flashcards
to fight an infection what do leukocytes travel through?
the blood stream
what is endothelium?
thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels
what is transendothelial migration?
leukocytes pushing their way between endothelial cells to enter the connective tissue
what is chemotaxis?
leukocytes enter the connective tissue and are attracted to the site of infection due to chemicals released by bacteria
what is an example of a disease producing organism?
bacteria
inflammation facilitates ____ and _____
healing
repair
what is the inflammation response triggered by?
pathogens
there is an increased ____ to infected or injured tissue to deliver cellular defenders
blood flow
what leaks from capillaries into tissue at site of infection? also known as ___?
leukocytes and plasma proteins
-edema fluid
is it possible for the inflammatory response in the periodontium to destruct tissue cells, connective tissue, and bone?
yes
what are inflammatory biochemical mediators?
biologically active compounds secreted by cells that activate the body’s inflammatory response
3 mediators of importance in the periodontium
- cytokines
- prostaglandins
- matrix metalloproteinases
what are chemokines
a subgroup of cytokines that cause additional immune cells to be attracted to site of infection
What do the blood vessels initially do in the inflammation process
constrict
9 generalized steps of inflammation process
- BV constrict
- vessels dialate
- hyperemia-blood flow increases
- sludging
- margination
- pavementing
- emigration
- chemotaxis
- cells phagocytize bacteria
define sluding
vessels become more permeable resulting in decreased blood flow speed-clotting
define margination
RBC move to center of blood vessels and WBC move to wall
define pavementing
WBC adheres to wall of vessels
define emigration
PMNs pass between endothelial cells into tissue
what are the two stages of inflammation
- acute
2. chronic
what is the acute inflammation process achieved by?
increased movement of plasma and leukocytes from the blood into the injured tissue
what is an early sign of inflammation?
bleeding
in the acute inflammatory response after the PMN’s arrive at the site, what do they release?
cytokines
what do cytokines induce the liver to produce?
C-reactive protein
if the acute inflammatory responses are not controlled, what does it become?
chronic
T/F: chronic inflammatory response doesn’t cause more damage than the original problem
false; it does cause more damage
if you don’t have a tooth you don’t have _____
bacteria
are the 5 classic warning signs present in chronic inflammation?
no they are absent
why does chronic inflammation occur?
the body is unable to rid itself of invading organisms
the microorganisms are persistent and stimulate what kind of response in chronic inflammation
exaggerated host inflammatory response
what kind of damage is done to the tissues with chronic inflammation?
permanent damage to the body tissues
examples of chronic inflammation
- rheumatoid arthritis
- diabetes
- asthma
- gingivitis
- periodontitis
S/S of chronic inflammation may partially/completely disappear during a period of _____ or may be in an active period of disease known as _____
remission
exacerbation
____ destroy tissue and ____ destroys bone
MMP(Matrix metalloproteinases)
prostaglandins
Chemical mediators that activate the body’s inflammatory response that are BAD:
- IL-1, IL-6, IL-8
- leukotrienes
- prostaglandins
- TNF-alpha
